2. Economy and Development Characteristics of trade networks What were the main economic activities practiced by Native peoples ? 2 Economic activities practiced by Native peoples: hunting, fishing, gathering, agriculture

3. Where in Canada did Native trade networks exist? Horguelin, C., Ladouceur, M., Lord, F. and Rose, F. (2011). Panoramas. Montreal: Graficor. 3 Throughout Canada

4. What caused Amerindians to adopt either a nomadic lifestyle or a sedentary lifestyle? Charette, J., Daniel, M., Dujardin, L. and Vigneault, P. (2009). A Question of History. Anjou: CEC. Fortin, S., Ladouceur, M., Larose, S., & Rose, F. (2009). Panoramas. Montreal: Graficor. 4 Effects of economic activities on the organization of the society and the territory the practice of hunting caused a nomadic lifestyle the practice of farming caused a sedentary lifestyle

5. European fishing grounds Identify the economic activity that brought Europeans to the shores of North America. Horguelin, C., Ladouceur, M., Lord, F. and Rose, F. (2011). Panoramas. Montreal: Graficor. 5 Fishing

6. First contacts Under what circumstances did the French and Amerindians first make contact. Identify the effects on the Amerindians from this contact 6 Fishers drying cod on the shores of the Gulf of St. Lawrence met Amerindian hunters. Amerindians trades goods with the Europeans.

7. Organization of the economy in New France What is the goal of mercantilism? What is the role of the colony under mercantilism? and explain how this economic policy works 7 Mercantilism, to enrich the mother country accumulation of precious metals, exploitation of its colonies’ resources Role of colony under mercantilism: export raw materials to the mother country, purchase manufactured goods from the mother country

8. What kind of trade is demonstrated in the document? Horguelin, C., Ladouceur, M., Lord, F. and Rose, F. (2011). Panoramas. Montreal: Graficor. 8 Triangular trade

9. Economy based on fur Characterize the roles of the Amerindians and the coureur des bois during the French regime. 9 Amerindians hunted animals and processed pelts, coureurs des bois brought furs to a trading post

10. Effects on the organization of the society and of the territory Explain the effects of the fur trade Native nations. Horguelin, C., Ladouceur, M., Lord, F. and Rose, F. (2011). Panoramas. Montreal: Graficor. 10 commercial rivalry, wars

11. Identify the secondary sector activities that occurred in New France. Horguelin, C., Ladouceur, M., Lord, F. and Rose, F. (2011). Panoramas. Montreal: Graficor. www.mccord-museum.qc.ca 11 brewing beer, grinding grain, manufacturing canvas and rigging wig-making, construction of casks and metal objects carpentry, masonry, hat making

12. Economy based on fur Identify the two major fur trading companies in BNA after the Conquest. 12 Hudson’s Bay Company and the Northwest Company

13. What are the effects of the transfer of the fur trade to British companies? 13 Arrival of British merchants, Hiring of Canadiens as voyageurs for the Northwest Company

14. Decline of the fur trade What caused the decline of the fur trade in the early 19th century? 14 increasingly remote trading territories, increased operating costs

15. At the beginning of the 19 th century, which industry replaced fur as the main exporting product? Which country financed this industry? Who worked in this industry? 15 Fur trade Britain French Canadians and Irish immigrants

16. Which factors that contributed to the development of the timber trade? Map of contreband routes at the time of the Continental Blockade. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 May 2014. 16 Continental blockade by Napoleon, Construction of warships, Establishment of preferential tariffs by Great Britain

17. Which regions were colonized as a result of the timber trade? 17 Mauricie Saguenay Outaouiais

18. Agriculture Identify the agricultural crops in Lower Canada in the early 19th century. www.mccord-museum.qc.ca 18 wheat, oats, potatoes

19. Decline of wheat production in Lower Canada What changes did farmers experience as a result of these problemsÉ 19 Settling in new colonization regions Moving to cities Emigrating to the United States

20. Effects of economic activity on transportation development Which new means of transportation was established in the first half of the 19th century? 20 canals, railways

21. Economic policies What is the difference between protectionism and free trade? Horguelin, C., Ladouceur, M., Lord, F. and Rose, F. (2011). Panoramas. Montreal: Graficor. 21 Protectionism: policy designed to protect the economy against foreign competition Free trade: free circulation of merchandise, with no customs barriers to trade

22. Industrial development First phases of industrialization Provide details on each of the points below and establish the connections between them. manufacturing unionization working conditions www.glogster.com 22 Work in the factories was difficult, therefore workers made demands, formed unions and went on strike. This improved the working conditions.

23. Identify the phenomenon that the document below refers to. 23 Urbanization

24. Living and working conditions Describe the living conditions in working-class neighbourhoods in the late 19th century. Describe the working conditions in Factories in the late 19th century. www2.needham.k12.ma.us 24 unhygienic conditions, unhealthy housing, pollution crowding leading to health problems six-day workweek of 60 to 70 hours; women and children paid less than men

25. Economic developments in the mid-19 th century After the non-renewal of the Reciprocity Treaty, it was decided to create a domestic market by uniting the BNA colonies. What was this called? www.civilization.ca 25 Confederation

26. Second phases of industrialization How was the second phase of industrialization different from the first? Which industrial sectors were developed? Which country financed this development? 26 hydroelectricity, metallurgy, mining pulp and paper United States

27. Agriculture Put the following agricultural changes in chronological order: improved access to international markets introduction of production quotas use of farm machinery creation of agricultural cooperatives Horguelin, C., Ladouceur, M., Lord, F. and Rose, F. (2011). Panoramas. Montreal: Graficor. 27 use of farm machinery (early 19C) creation of agricultural cooperatives (1940s) introduction of production quotas (1960-1980) improved access to international markets (1980s)

28. The war industry Identify the factors that contributed to the industrial development during the Second World War. What were the effects of the war industry on industrial production? Horguelin, C., Ladouceur, M., Lord, F. and Rose, F. (2011). Panoramas. Montreal: Graficor. 28 demand for military supplies, need for food in Europe increased production in the steel, transportation and chemical sectors; increase in the number of working women

29. Put the following economic developments in chronological order. B factory production mineral production petrochemical industry C Crown corporations regional devt plans hydroelectric dams A less prim. & sec. sectors increased high-tech sector worldwide competition Horguelin, C., Ladouceur, M., Lord, F. and Rose, F. (2011). Panoramas. Montreal: Graficor. 29 B, 1945-1960 C, 1960-1980 A, 1980-2000