1. Gender, Culture and Communication in the Cloud Nancy Marksbury, Ph.D. Long Island University, Post Campus

2. Acknowledgements The research presented herein has been gratefully supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (#IIS-0803225) to further the study of cross-cultural computer-mediated communication.

4. Cross-Cultural Communication in Computer-Mediated Interactions

5. Methodology Participants Task Procedure 41 40

6. Methodology Participants Task Procedure Daytrader* *Bos, N., Gergle, D., Olson, J. S., & Olson, G. M. (2001). Being there versus seeing there: Trust via video. CHI ’01 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 291-292. doi: 1.1145/634067.634240.

7. Methodology Participants Task Procedure Build Break Repair

8. Measures Trust Performance Trust Perception Linguistic Coding A higher investment amount = A willingness to participate in the partnership

9. Measures Trust Performance Trust Perception Linguistic Coding McAllister, D. J. (1995). Affect- and cognition-based trust as foundations for interpersonal cooperation in organizations. Academy of Management, 38(1), 25- 59. doi: 10.2307/256727.

10. Measures Trust Performance Trust Perception Linguistic Coding *Ren, H. and Gray, B. (2009). “Repairing Relationship Conflict: How Violation Types and Culture Influence the Effectiveness of Restoration Rituals.” Academy of Management Review 34(1), 105-26. doi: 10.5465/AMR.200935713307. **Vasalou, A., Hofensitz, A., et al (2008). “In Praise of Forgiveness: Ways for Repairing Trust Breakdowns in One-Off Online Interactions.” International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 66, 466-80. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2008.02.001. Cooperation* Forgiveness**

11. Measures Trust Performance Trust Perception Linguistic Coding Small group behavior coding scheme* applied to IM transcripts *Zhang, Q., Qu, W., & Zhang, K. (2009). “Do strangers trust in video-mediated communication?” Proceedings of the 2009 International Workshop on Intercultural Collaboration (IWIC ’09), 325-328. doi: 10.1145/1499224.1499288.

12. Findings Trust Performance (Investment Amounts)

13. Affective and Cognitive Trust Measures

14. Cooperation and Forgiveness by Culture by Gender Pairing

15. Turn Frequencies by Culture and Gender Pairing

16. Word Frequencies by Culture and Gender Pairing

17. Communication Codes by Culture by Stage Task-RelatedRelational

18. Conclusions Establishing common ground is an important activity Accomplishing the task was pursued differently: AM-words, CM-turns Responses to the conflict also differed: C > cooperation Participant behavior was driven less by individual gender and more by the gender of the partner

19. Implications Computer-mediated interactions should include introductory social time Participants benefit from awareness of others’ language and process preferences Awareness of our own and others’ tendencies in responding to conflict and repairing broken trust is an important skill Gender does impact interpersonal interactions

20. Thank you, South Africa ! [ Stellenbosch, Western Cape, June 20, 2013 ]