1. Tissues
Chapter 5

2. Introduction
Tissue-a group of similar cells that perform a specialized function
Four major types of tissue:
Epithelial-form protective coverings and function in secretion and absorption
Connective-support softer body parts and bind structures together
Muscle-produce body movements
Nervous-conduct impulses that help control and coordinate body activities

3. http://www. bio. davidson

4. Epithelial Tissues: General Characteristics
They…cover organs, form inter linings of cavities, and line hollow organs
Always has a surface exposed
The underside is anchored to connective tissue by a thin, nonliving layer, called the basement membrane
They lack blood vessels but nutrients get to them by diffusion through the connective tissue below it

6. Epithelial cells divide quickly which allows for injuries to heal rapidly (where they are they get damaged quite a bit)
Tightly packed which allows them to be great protective barriers like outside of skin
They secrete, absorb, excrete, and aid in sensory reception

8. Classified according to shape and number of layers:
Simple-composed of a single layer of cells
Stratified-two or more layers of cells
Squamous-thin flattened cells
Cuboidal-cube shaped
Columnar-elongated cells
Structure affects function with these tissues!!!!

9. http://upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Illu_epithelium

10. Simple Squamous epithelium
Single layer of thin, flattened cells
Main function is diffusion and filtration
Line air sacs (alveoli) of lungs and capillaries of blood and lymph for gas exchange
Easily damaged

11. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

12. http://www. biosci. ohiou

13. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

14. webanatomy.net

17. http://www. baileybio. com/plogger/images/anatomy___physiology/13

18. http://images. tutorvista

19. Glandular Epithelium
Glands secrete their products into ducts that open onto some internal or external surface are called exocrine glands
Glands that secrete their products into tissue fluid or blood are called endocrine glands
Exocrine glands are split into three groups

21. Excretory glands Sweat and saliva Mammary glands
Sebaceous glands of the skin

22. Connective Tissues Connective tissues Bind structures
Connective tissue video
Connective tissues
Bind structures
Provide support and protection
Serve as frameworks
Fill spaces
Store fat
Produce blood cells
Protect against infections
Help repair tissue damage

23. General Characteristics
Father apart than epithelial cells, have an abundance of intercellular material or matrix between them (made of fibers and ground substance)
Can usually divide
Most have good blood supplies
Quite rigid (bone and cartilage)
Some flexible (loose connective tissue, adipose tissue, and dense connective tissue)

24. http://asavory. edublogs

25. Major cell types
Some are fixed cells (fibroblasts and mast cells) appear in stable numbers, some are wandering cells (macrophages) which appear temporarily
Fibroblasts-produce fibers by secreting proteins into the matrix of connective tissues (most common fixed cells)

26. Fibroblasts

27. Macrophages (histocytes)- start as white blood cells and carry on phagocytosis
Can move around and are scavenger cells that clear foreign particles from tissues

28. Mast cells large and usually located near blood vessels they release heparin (prevents blood clotting) and histamine (promotes inflammation and allergies)

29. Three types of connective tissue fibers
Collagenous fibers - thick threads of the protein collagen
Collagenous fibers are important components of body pats that hold structures together
Ligaments – connect bones to bones
Tendons – connects muscles to bones
Elastic fibers – composed of protein called elastin
Elastic fibers are weaker and stretch easily
Found in body parts that stretch like vocal cords
Reticular fibers – thin collagenous fibers
Highly branched and form delicate support networks

30. http://www. whitetigernaturalmedicine

31. 6 Types of connective tissue
Connective tissue proper:
Loose connective tissue
Adipose tissue
Dense (fibrous) connective tissue
Specialized connective tissue:
Cartilage
Bone
Blood

32. http://asavory. edublogs

33. Loose connective tissue
Function: Binds organ together; holds tissue fluids
Location: Beneath skin, between muscles, beneath epithelial tissues
General characteristics: Forms thin membranes throughout the body

34. Loose connective tissue

35. Adipose tissue Function: Protects, insulates, stores fat
Location: Beneath skin, around kidneys, behind eyeballs, on surface of heart
General characteristics: Fat, which is a specialized form of loose connective tissue, develops when certain cells store fat in droplets within their cytoplasm that enlarge

36. Adipose tissue

37. Dense connective tissue
Function: Binds organs together
Location: Tendons, ligaments, deeper layers of skin
General characteristics: Consists of many closely packed, thick, collagenous fibers and a fine network of elastic fibers

38. Dense connective tissue

39. Hyaline cartilage Function: Supports, protects, provides framework
Location: Nose, ends of bones, rings in the walls of respiratory passages
General characteristics: Most common type; has very fine collagenous fivers in its matrix and looks somewhat like white glass

40. Hyaline cartilage

41. Elastic cartilage
Function: Supports, protects, provides flexible framework
Location: Framework of external ear and parts of larynx
General characteristics: Contains a dense network of elastic fibers; is more flexible than hyaline cartilage

42. Elastic cartilage

43. Fibrocartilage Function: Supports, protects, absorbs shock
Location: Between bony parts of spinal column, parts of pelvic girdle and knee
General characteristics: Very tough tissue, contains many collagenous fibers

44. Fibrocartilage

45. Bone Function: Supports, protects, provides framework
Location: Bones of skeleton
General characteristics: Most rigid connective tissue, made of bones cells or osteocytes

46. Bone

47. Blood
Function: Transports substances, helps maintain stable internal environment
Location: Throughout body within a closed system of blood vessels and heart chambers
General characteristics: Transports a variety of material between interior body cells and those that exchange substances with the external environment; has red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets (cell fragments)

48. Blood

49. Skeletal muscle tissue (striated)
Function: Voluntary movements of skeletal parts
Location: Muscles usually attached to bones
General characteristics: Found in muscles that attach to bones and are controlled by conscious effort

50. Skeletal muscle tissue (striated)

51. Smooth muscle tissue (lacks striations)
Function: Involuntary movements of internal organs
Location: Walls of hollow internal organs
General characteristics: Its cells do not have striations; cells cannot be stimulated by conscious effort

52. Smooth muscle tissue (lacks striations)

53. Cardiac muscle tissue (striated)
Function: Heart movements
Location: Heart muscle
General characteristics: Is only in the heart, controlled involuntarily

54. Cardiac muscle tissue (striated)

55. Nervous tissue
Function: Sensory reception and conduction of nerve impulses
Location: Brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
General characteristics: Basic cells are called neurons, also includes neuroglial cells which are supporting cells that connect neurons to other body parts