1. INTEGRATION OF TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC SYSTEMS AT THE REGIONAL DIMENSION Working Group Fortaleza, Nov 2003

2. I. SAN FRANCISCO -> FORTALEZA

3. KEY SYNTHESIS ISSUES Soil Accumulation TOC Fluvial Transport & Rxn CO 2, CH 4 (atm) DOC, pCO 2,CH 4 POC Regional CO 2  =  habitat (K * ΔpCO 2 * km 2 ) 1 3 2 6 5 7 2 1 Regional CH 4  =  habitat (K * ΔCH 4 * km 2 + Ebullition + Stems) 4 4 OUTGASSING San Francisco “Wetlands Carbon” - What is the flux of CO2 and CH4 from wetlands? - Are wetlands in the Amazon a net source or sink of C? - What are the actual sources & time scales of the outgassed C? - How can atmosphere surface connections be observed (top down/bottom up)? (Ra, etc) (aircraft, BL, modeling,RS of surface) - Soil C dynamics exportable soil water (including riparian transition) Greater coordination between field measurement campaigns & field with the modeling Fortaleza “Integration of Terrestrial & Aquatic…” “To what extent (and how) do fluvial systems influence the net carbon balance of the Amazon, with variability in climatic and anthropogenic forcing?” (i.e. what are the fluvial systems pathways of atmospheric CO2?) What is the “coupling” of water, carbon and nutrients between terrestrial and aquatic systems, across multiple scales?

4. TASKS & TIMELINES (San Francisco) Build common Info & coord SDATAC I INFORMATION MEASUREMENTS [ Q] Expt’s SYNTHESIS (MODELS) Cangucu Outgassing 2 Outgassing 1 Databases RS&Hydro Jun ‘03 Jan ‘04 Jun ‘04 Jan ‘05 Jun ‘05 Jan ‘03 THE ANSWER

5. INFORMATION Build common Info & coord INFORMATION Databases Jun ‘03 Jan ‘04 Jun ‘04 Jan ‘05 Jun ‘05 Jan ‘03 San Francisco 1 PPr Sources to OM Pool CD-x,ND-y 4 Macrophytes 3 POC export (sediments, litter) 2 DOC & pCO2(CH 4 ) export in GW 6 Outgassing rates 5 Stream transport & reaction 7 Atm CO2 outgassing 2 Water flow properties 1 Area (habitat, order) REGIONAL INTEGRATION “Full measurement set of distributions & their tracers Seasonally-varying areal extent of full stream orders Seasonally-varying flow paths of full stream orders Simultaneous atmosphere- efflux measurements Convergence of various XX-yy efforts (maps, actions, check missing) Cross calibration of isotopes Comparison of methods Fortaleza Mostly Individual S.F. Update 1) Derive a uniform “physical template,” at scales relevant to (regional) fluvial processes: 2) Distribution of water across landscape (note: not done elsewhere) (relevant to a set of clients) 3) Sources and transport of key chem species (C, N) from uplands to streams (flowpath dependent, capture in models) 4) In stream net routing (advection and reaction) down networks 5) Fluvial/atmosphere exchange (water to air) 6) “Broader” use of fluvial system dynamics to constrain terrestrial processes (?)

6. SDATAC I MEASUREMENTS [ Q] Expt’s Cangucu Outgassing 2 Outgassing 1 Jun ‘03 Jan ‘04 Jun ‘04 Jan ‘05 Jun ‘05 Jan ‘03 MEASUREMENTS * More watersheds * Rede Beija Rio -> Bananal R&D Fortaleza

7. RS&Hydro Jun ‘03 Jan ‘04 Jun ‘04 Jan ‘05 Jun ‘05 Jan ‘03 REMOTE SENSING & HYDROLOGY RS: “Considerable:” (1) Optical (2) Radar (3) SRTM Hydrology: (1) Greater access to ANA, (2) some @ small watersheds (3) talk but not followup with SIPAM Fortaleza

8. SYNTHESIS (MODELS) Jun ‘03 Jan ‘04 Jun ‘04 Jan ‘05 Jun ‘05 Jan ‘03 SYNTHESIS (Models) Fortaleza Modeling: “Progress” Basin-scale: IBIS/HYDRA, VIC, CASA Small Watershed -> “Mesoscale” (CSP “Nested”): preliminary DHSVM Micro/Hillslope: Manaus, Rondonia, Paragominas, ?

9. II.FORTALEZA -> We envision 6 Activities, elaborating on Field efforts Data synthesis & Modeling

10. Cooperative Field Efforts - * * * Coordination of data collection field activities & calibrations * Coordination across sites, campaigns Ji-P Cuiaba MAO Pach RB Belem *Brasilia Activity 1. Rede Beija-Rio

11. Cooperative Field Efforts - * * * Coordination of data collection field activities & calibrations * Coordination across sites, campaigns Activity 2. Participate in campaigns (1)BARCA (2) Ad hoc (helicopter, BL accumulation) (3)……

12. Data Synthesis & Modeling Activity 3. Evaluate production of “common synthetic & model driver datasets” (1) Derive a uniform “physical template,” at scales relevant to (regional) fluvial processes: soils, river networks (2) Rapid updated spatial data synthesis and analysis (veg, water extent) -> (3) Surface climatology drivers, especially for small watersheds -> Mesoscale Responsible: Need “help” especially climatology

13. Data Synthesis & Modeling Activity 4. Data synthesis at the small watershed scale across land use types (carbon and nutrients) Synthesis of data -> processes involved on areas that are data rich (hillslope and small-scale streams): Paragominas, ZF2, Faz Nova Vida, Juruena (Chris, Eric, Linda, Ricardo, Mercedes, Johannes, Marc Kramer, Jeff, Marisol, A. Nobre, Hodnett, Waterloo, Mark,…) -> “Papers,” Session in Brasilia

14. Data Synthesis & Modeling Activity 5. Small Watersheds to Mesoscale Evaluate & implement (selectively?) Potential: ZF2/Cuieras, Faz Nova Vida, lower Tapajos, Juruena, AF/Cristilinho, Paragominas,….. (1)“DHSVM” category w/ C & nutrient processes (2) Downscale basin-scale models Activity 6. Large-scale comparative modeling studies (1)Physical hydrology (discharge, flooded area) – (2)Carbon & nutrients RONI: can an inversion of surface-based hydro/energy balance models (constrained by measured flow) help constrain ET problem?

15. INTEGRATION OF TERRESTRIAL & AQUATIC SYSTEMS AT THE REGIONAL DIMENSION INFORMATION MEASUREMENTS [ Q] Expt’s SYNTHESIS (MODELS) RS&Hydro Jun ‘03 Jan ‘04 Jun ‘04 Jan ‘05 Jun ‘05 Jan ‘03 THE ANSWER