1. LSA FAA definition Max gross takeoff weight = 1320 lbs Max stall speed = 45 knots Maximum speed in level flight = 120 knots

2. ASTM F 2245-07 guidelines Limit load factors Ultimate load factor of safety = 1.5 Special ultimate S.F.s for hinges, bearings, pins, control components Flight conditions Design speeds

3. 45 knots = Stall speed (LSA) 99.6 knots= Minimum maneuvering Speed 108 knots = Minimum cruise 120 knots = Maximum cruise (LSA) 160 knots = Dive speed

4. Flight envelope VsVs V A V C,max V D

5. Total Loads Level flight 1320 lbs Design Limit load = 5280 lbs Ultimate load = 7920 lbs (for 3 seconds)

6. XFLR5 Simulations –Various A.O.A. and Reynolds numbers –Wing panels Data (spreadsheet) –Aerodynamic coefficients –Lift, drag, and moment forces

7. XFLR5

10. Distribution

11. Shear and bending Integrate ultimate load equations –From 0(root) to 8ft (airfoil switch) F = -5.2139x + 318.37 –From 8ft to tip (15ft) F = -3.255x 2 +54.497x + 42.791

12. Torsion/control loads 75% positive maneuvering load, plus torsion from max aileron displacement Gust loads at V F with flaps extended (7.5 m/s)

13. Gusts Symmetric vertical gusts (up and down) –15 m/s at V C –7.5 m/s at V D