1. Warm up War, what is good about the idea? Write all that you know about World War I.

2. Warm up Explain how something such as Imperialism can lead an entire world to war.

3. Warm Up Look at the photograph on page 749, describe what you see. Why would it have been difficult to keep clothes and body clean and dry? What long-term effect would living in such an environment have on people?

4. The Great War Main Idea Europe in 1914 was on the brink of war. After an assassination, the nations of Europe were drawn one by one into what would be called the Great War, or World War I. Reading Focus Why was Europe on the brink of war in 1914? Why did war break out? What were the results of the fighting in 1914?

5. Europe on the Brink of War Rising tensions in Europe, 1914 Tensions result of four factors –Militarism –Alliances –Imperialism –Nationalism

6. Causes Massive military buildup in European countries, late 1800s and early 1900s Wanted to protect overseas colonies from other nations Growing power of armed forces left all sides ready to act at first sign of trouble Minor disagreements had potential to turn to armed conflict Militarism Nations formed partnerships to protect against opposing forces Triple Alliance united Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy Great Britain joined France, Russia in Triple Entente Believed no one nation would attack another, because allies would join fight Alliances

7. Causes Late 1800s and early 1900s saw quest to build empires Created rivalry, ill will among European nations Germany, France, Russia, Great Britain vied to become great imperial nations Each did not want others to gain power Imperialism Strong devotion to one’s national group or culture, increased in late 1800s Led to formation of new countries, struggles for power Most visible in Balkan Peninsula, southeastern Europe Home to many ethnic groups trying to break free from Ottoman Empire Nationalism

8. Nationalist Tensions Some of strongest nationalist tensions in Balkans in Serbia, independent nation Serbian leaders wanted to expand borders, unite people in “greater Serbia” Austria-Hungary, powerful empire to north, opposed expansion Feared growth might encourage ethnic groups there to rebel Tensions continued to rise in early 1900s

10. Summarize Why was Europe on the brink of war in 1914? rising tensions as result of militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism

11. War Breaks Out In the midst of the tensions with Serbia, archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary decided to visit the Bosnian city of Sarajevo. Serbian Gavrilo Princip assassinated archduke, wife Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia Russia prepared to support Serbia Austria-Hungary ally Germany saw Russia as threat Germany declared war on Russia, ally France The Impact Germany faced war on two fronts: Russia to east, France to west Decided to strike France quickly then move to Russia Began with quick strike into neutral Belgium Attack on neutral country led Great Britain to declare war on Germany Fighting Begins

12. Main players in World War I in place Central Powers –Germany –Austria-Hungary Allied Powers –Great Britain –France –Russia –Serbia

13. Sequence What events led to the outbreak of World War I? Serbian Gavrilo Princip killed Austrian Archduke Ferdinand and his wife; Germany (an ally of Austria-Hungary) declared war on Russia (an ally of Serbia); Germany attacked Belgium; Great Britain declared war on Germany

14. Fighting in 1914 Germany’s plan Germany wanted to quickly defeat France, move east to fight Russia Great Britain’s declaration of war on Germany doomed its plan The Great War became bloody stalemate Early battles Battle of the Frontiers pitted German troops against both French and British Both sides suffered heavy losses Germany victorious Russia enters fighting Russia attacked German territory from the east Russians defeated in Battle of Tannenberg Germany distracted from France, Allies turned on German invaders

15. Trench warfare begins Allied troops drove Germans back, Battle of the Marne, September 1914 Retreating Germans dug series of trenches along Aisne River –Waited in trenches for Allied attack –Trenches elaborately constructed, cleverly concealed Allies dug trenches of their own –Major battles for months with little change in positions –Deadlocked region became known as Western Front

17. Summarize What were the major events of the fighting in 1914? Germany advanced through Belgium to attack France; Russia attacked East Prussia; Russians crushed in Battle of Tannenberg; British and French forces regrouped; millions died or were wounded; trench warfare resulted in a stalemate