1. DID YOU HEAR THAT?

2. DID YOU HEAR THAT? Volunteer Time!!

3. Auditory Localization The brain calculates a sound’s location by using these differences. Timing (.000027sec. Diff) Sound travels @ 750 mph Sound Waves Loudness (amplitude) Pitch (frequency) Long waves; low frequency/low pitch Short waves; high frequency/high pitch

4. Auditory Process: Perceiving Pitch Place Theory: Links the pitch we hear with the place that is stimulated in the cochlea (high pitch) Frequency Theory: Measures neural impulses travelling the auditory nerve. (low)

5. Sensory Interaction Different sensory modalities exist because signals received by the sense organs stimulate different nerve pathways leading to different areas of the brain. Synesthesia A condition in which stimulation of one sense also evokes another.

6. Starburst time!! (146-150) Conduct the experiment and answer the following questions with your partner. What factors influence taste? What are the 5 basic tastes? What is sensory interaction? How do we experience smell?

7. Smell: The Sense of Scents Airborne chemical molecules enter the nose and circulate through the nasal cavity. Vapors can also enter through the mouth and pass into nasal cavity. Receptors on the roof of the nasal cavity detect these molecules.

8. Olfactory System The brain’s circuitry for smell also connect with areas involved in memory storage.

9. Taste is a chemical sense Photograph of tongue surface (top), magnified 75 times. 10,000 taste buds line the tongue and mouth. Taste receptors are down inside the “bud” Children have more taste buds than adults.

10. Different Tastes Different people have different tastes based on: Survival Culture Learning Food attractiveness

11. The Environment Within Kinesthesis The sense of body position and movement of body parts; also called kinesthesia. Equilibrium (vestibular sense) The sense of balance. Vision interacts with motion/balance Optic flow Semicircular Canals Sense organs in the inner ear, which contribute to equilibrium by responding to rotation of the head.

12. Sensitivity to Touch

13. Pain What if you were born without the ability to perceive pain? What if you were born without the ability to perceive pain? What contributes to our experience of pain? Use your book to identify multiple factors. P. 142-146

14. Gate-Control Theory of Pain Experience of pain depends (in part) on whether the pain impulse gets past neurological “gate” in the spinal cord and thus reaches the brain.

15. Neuromatrix Theory of Pain Theory that the matrix of neurons in the brain is capable of generating pain (and other sensations) in the absence of signals from sensory nerves.

16. Phantom Limb Pain Why do some people feel pain in limbs that have been amputated? Why do some people feel pain in limbs that have been amputated How do you treat pain in absent limbs? Page 144