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Colonial Life Chapter 4 lessons 1-2
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In New England Cold area, rocky soil Life based around agriculture Subsistence farming- they made enough for their family to survive off of. Entire family had a working part at home/on the farm Small business: mills, blacksmiths, furniture making, shoemaking, ship building
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Middle Colonies Mild climate, fertile soil Larger amounts of land to farm Sold cash crops (easily sold crops, people wanted them) NYC and Philadelphia became the largest cities (big for shipping) Bigger businesses : mills, mines, ironworks Large diversity because many settlers from all over (Scotland, Ireland, Germany, Sweden, Netherlands)
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Southern Colonies Warm, rich soil (perfect for rice and tobacco) Most people farmed Many plantations, located by water for easy shipping of crops Plantations resembled small towns (chapels, schools, blacksmiths) Growth of slavery
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Slavery Growing Already practiced in West Africa Prisoners of war/raids were where most slaves came from Did house work or worked the fields (mainly) Slave Codes -rules for the enslaved people Had to have written permission to leave plantation Cant read/write Severe punishment: whippings, beat, death
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Government (English) Protected rights (people had rights, no unjust treatment/punishment) Representative Government (people elect representatives to make laws) English Parliament: House of Lords (upper royal class), House of Commons (lower common people) English Bill of Rights Limits rulers power Cannot suspend Parliament rules/laws, impose taxes, raise an army without Parliament consent Right to a fair trial by jury Banned cruel punishments
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Government in America Mainly charters and proprietary colonies (some ended up as royal) Royal colonies- appointed governor by Parliament then An assembly was elected by the colonist Causes friction in lower house b/c upper house followed whatever King/Parliament said without mutual decision making. White men who owned land could vote Still had more say than in England
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Economics (English) Mercantilism- theory of building wealth/power by increasing exports(selling to other countries) and gaining metals in return such as gold/silver Export more Import less (buying rom other countries)
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Economics Continued The Navigation Acts in 1650s Forced colonies to sell/trade with England even if they could get a better deal b/w other countries. If they bought goods from other places in Europe, it had to go through England to be taxed first. Causes resistance, colonies want to import/export elsewhere
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