1. Early African Civilizations 2000 BCE – 1500 CE

2. Geography of Africa 2 nd largest continent Almost completely surrounded by water –Mountainous north –Sahara desert –Great Rift Valley –4 major rivers Nile Niger Zambezi Congo

3. Climate Divided into four distinct climate zones –Mediterranean –Desert –Rain forest –Savanna

5. Early Civilizations Egypt Nubia Kush (Trade) 250 BCE – 150 CE –Meroe (iron ore) Axum (Trade) –Christian (King Ezana 330 CE) Islam

7. West African Kingdoms 500 – 1500 Ghana (400 – ca 1200) Saleh –Strong kings –Trade (Gold, Iron for Salt) Silent Trade Role of camels and Berbers http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=25B6C88A-BE2A-4B19-9C2B- 1C71AF9F0A4F&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=UShttp://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=25B6C88A-BE2A-4B19-9C2B- 1C71AF9F0A4F&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US Mali (1250 – 1450) Timbuktu –Sundiata Keita –Mansa Musa (1312 – 1337) Pilgrimage to Mecca Songhai (1000 – 1600) Gao Sunni Ali (1464) Muhammad Ture (1493)

8. East African Kingdoms Bantu Migrations –Subsistence agriculture –Trade Mogadishu Mombasa Kilwa Swahili –Mixed Arab and African culture (also a language)

9. South Africa Stateless societies –Small collections of villages –Kalahari desert (San http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c246fZ- 7z1w) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c246fZ- 7z1w Zimbabwe (1300 – 1450)

10. African Society and Culture King and subject –Smaller scale of many societies reduced distance but authority was still complete Family and lineage –Groups of related individuals provided typical African with their place in the world –Matrilineal –Patrilineal Religion –Typically polytheistic prior to Islam –Possibility of contact lead to diviner class

11. African Culture Art is linked to religion –Cave paintings in Tassili Mountains provide a record of shift from hunter gathering to herding to trade –Wood carving –Sculpture Nok (500 BCE – 200 AD) Ife (southern Nigeria) Iron and bronze Benin (Bronze rivals China) –Music Dance –Storytelling (griots)