1. Colonial Latin America CHAPTER 13 SECTION 3 CIRCA 16 TH CENTURY

2. Colonial Empires in Latin America  Social classes within the territories of both Portugal & Spain in the Americas a clear social hierarchy developed based along the lines of privilege as well as ethnicity.  Peninsulares – White Europeans born inn Spain or Portugal  Creole –White European born to 2 European parents in the Americas  Mestizo – Mixed race, 1 white parent, 1 native American parent  Mulattoes – mixed race, 1 white parent, 1 African parent  Pure Natives & Pure Africans

3. Economic Foundations  Continuing the tradition of encomienda, the process by which its okay to use natives as long as they were given protection & Catholicism. Large agricultural plantations became a source of wealth. Unlike gold or silver, products that are grown can be regrown creating a renewable commodity that if done correctly can remain profitable for many years.  In addition to encomienda, a system known as mita was also utilized mostly in Peru. This system allowed the Spanish to draft natives and force them to work in mines.

4. Silver Mining

5. State & Church  To assist with issues pertaining to governance with colonial affairs new political positions were created which gave a lot of influence to these individuals this positions were created because communication between the monarchy and the colony could take weeks.  The Portuguese & Spanish created the position of governor general, later known as Viceroys.  Spain had 2 viceroys after 1543 with one in New Spain (Mexico) & the other in Peru.

6. State & Church  With Catholicism being the main religion of Spain & Portugal we begin to see catholic missionaries such as Dominicans, Franciscan & Jesuits, came to the new world for the sole purpose of converting natives to Catholicism.  These Missionaries organized into small villages or missions. Missionaries are also responsible for building cathedrals, hospitals, schools & orphanages.

7. Cathedral in Peru