1. Criticality Aware Smart Spaces T. Mukherjee Impact Lab (http://impact.asu.edu) Department of Computer Science & Engineering Ira A. Fulton School of Engineering Arizona State University Tempe, Arizona, USA Supported in part by Mediserve Inc and US National Science Foundation

2. Overview Motivation Critical Events, Criticality Challenges Conclusions and Future Work

3. Motivation Smart spaces – e.g. homes, hospitals – allow inhabitants to physically interact with information-rich virtual entities. Critical events in smart spaces e.g.  attacks (similar to 9/11) to buildings  break-in in the house  tornado warning Smart space should facilitate proper handling of complexities/chaos caused by a critical events. Challenges include:  Detection  Planning/Scheduling  Manageability  Adaptability  ….

4. Criticality management in smart spaces Interaction between Virtual, Physical and Human Distributed Uncertainty Rapidly Changing

5. Characteristics of Critical Events Requires exceptional set of actions for controlling the emergency – avoiding catastrophic failure. Request based reactive context evaluation is inadequate. Proactive context monitoring is required. We define the term ‘Criticality’ as  the consequences on the system due to critical events Normal actions Critical event Exceptional actions

6. Temporal Requirement for Criticality Every critical event has a Window of opportunity (W o ) to respond. Value of W o is criticality dependent. WoWo Critical Event Mitigation Time Normal actions Mitigative actions

7. Examples of Criticality and W o Heart attack - 1st one hour critical (golden hour). Tornado – evacuation within 5 minutes of first warning. * Data-center - 90 seconds after cooling failure. Disaster Recovery – 30 days time. ** *http://www.fema.gov/pdf/rrr/ndis_rev_oct27.pdf**http://www.fema.gov/pdf/library/fema_apa_ch4.pdf

8. Some Fundamental Research Issues How to effectively model the manageability of the emergencies?  How to estimate timing constraints for the criticalities?  How to include resource constraint in criticality management?  How to incorporate the stochastic nature of the system due to human involvement into the manageability?  How to adapt the system parameters based on the outcome of the criticality management process? How to plan, prepare for and facilitate mitigation of emergencies?  Understand interactions between physical and virtual entities.  Uses real time AI planning and scheduling for mitigation.  How to effectively detect critical events in a timely manner? How to evaluate (simulate/emulate) system performance?  How to determine the testbed?  How to implement the management process?  How to identify specific scenarios to validate the model?

9. Criticality Aware Smart Space (CASS) – system view

10. Conclusions & Future Work Criticality awareness is necessary for effectiveness of smart spaces. Future Works  Theoretical modeling of system behavior when critical events occur.  Design and develop effective management algorithm.  Validation