1. Sport Psychology
Motivation

2. Objectives of Today’s Class
Understand that motivation can come from different people in different positions in your life that will effect your daily feelings and emotions
Realize that motivation is related to human needs
Understand the difference between a NEED and a WANT
How motivation may be developed and enhanced.
Extrinsic vs intrinsic motivation

3. Any given sunday Inches Speech

4. Motivational speeches
What did you feel after watching that clip?
What is the significance of motivational speeches?
What forms of motivation have you encountered and from whom?
E.g. parents? Coaches? Teachers? (share with the class)
Why is motivation important for athletes and how can it benefit an athlete?

5. Motivation
“motivation is a complex set of internal and external forces that induces one to behave in a certain way”
Nothing is more important than motivation, not even talent
Why is motivation so important?
It is the fuel used to ignite behaviour
E.g. Cal Ripken of the Baltimore Orioles
Behaviour most typically associated with motivation are:
Choice (e.g. choosing to join a sports team, choosing to go to practice)
Effort (e.g. intensity with which people direct their energies toward a goal)
Persistence (most important achievement behaviour, commitment to whatever you choose to do despite numerous obstacles

6. Needs and Motivation
Human behaviour is never random, we all seek rewards and satisfaction for what we do
E.g. humans are motivated by hunger and seek to reduce their need by eating
People are motivated to fulfill their needs (needs vs wants)
Motivation is enhanced when we meet the important basic “needs” of athletes instead of their “wants” **
Three prominent NEEDS athletes seek to fulfill by participating in sport:
THE NEED TO:
experience stimulation and challenge
be accepted and belong to a group
gain and demonstrate competence to feel worthy

7. Need to experience stimulation and challenge
All humans possess need this need
Sport is a terrific environment to meet this need because all athletes begin and continue sport participation because it is fun
Children would rather want to have fun by developing competence in practices where they are optimally challenged
Increases motivation, increases determination,
Motivation is developed and enhanced when athlete’s needs for optimal stimulation and challenge are met
What are some strategies to enhance motivation through acceptance and belonging?
Team building activities (increase cohesion)
Social gatherings/activities
Coaches should show interest in each individual athlete to make them feel accepted

8. Need to demonstrate competence to feel worthy
No such thing as a born competitor, human beings are born with an innate need to be competent
People strive to be competent at something that makes them feel worth as human beings
Positive Cycle of Motivation
if we enjoy something, we do it more
If we do it more, we get better at it
When we get better at it, we enjoy it more
Big problem in meeting athletes’ need to feel competent
and worthy is the INTENSE PUBLIC SOCIAL COMPARISON in sport

9. Motivation
Involves both internal and external forces (as seen in the definition)
activation or energization of goal-oriented behaviour
Motivation is best conceptualized across a:
Continuum of self-determination

10. Self- Determination Continuum
INTRINSIC MOTIVATION- engaging in an activity purely for pleasure and satisfaction derived from doing the activity.
Accomplishment
Stimulation ALL 3 WILL RESULT IN HIGH SELF-DETERMINATION
To know
EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION- behaviour engaged in as a means to an end, driven by the promise of some reward beyond the actual performance of the activity itself
Identified Regulation
Internal Pressure ALL 3 WILL RESULT IN LOW SELF-DETERMINATION
External Regulation

11. Intrinsic Motivation (IM)
IM for ACCOMPLISHMENT
involves engaging in an activity for the pleasure and satisfaction that we experience when we attempt to accomplish something important to us
Athletes are motivated this way because they enjoy the PROCESS of striving to be more competent
E.g. playing for inner pride
IM for STIMULATION
People are motivated to experience stimulating sensations such as the fun and excitement of playing sport
IM TO KNOW
Being motivated to perform an activity for the pleasure and satisfaction one experiences while learning, exploring or understanding something new

12. Extrinsic Motivation (EM)
Identified Regulation
Occurs when athletes come to value the pursuit of sport excellence and see it as an important goal for themselves
Activity is still performed for extrinsic reasons (to perform well and win) but internally regulated
Internal Pressure
an extrinsic source of motivation, even though the pressure to act in a certain way seems to come from within the athlete
E.g. young athletes have been forced into demanding training programs by parents at an early age
External Regulation
Completely controlled by external sources such as rewards, threat of punishment, contracts, etc.
E.g. athletes in sport because of scholarships are motivated by external regulation

13. Types of Goals Process: focuses on technique. The HOW of sports
Performance: focus on improving and attaining personal performance standards. The WHAT of sports
Outcome: focus on results and social comparison. The WHY of sports

14. Coping
The generability of sports- the skills we learn in sports are transferable to other stressful situations non sports situations
The COPE Model:
Control Emotions
Organize Input
Plan Response
Execute