1. 1 Contributed Capital C hapter 15 An electronic presentation by Douglas Cloud Pepperdine University An electronic presentation by Douglas Cloud Pepperdine University

2. 2 1. Explain the corporate form of organization. 2. Know the rights and terms that apply to capital stock. 3. Account for the issuance of capital stock. 4.Describe a compensatory stock option plan. 5. Recognize compensation expense for a compensatory stock option plan. 6. Account for a fixed compensatory stock option plan. Objectives Continued

3. 3 7.Account for a performance-based compensatory stock option plan. 8.Understand how to use the intrinsic value method to account for a compensatory stock option plan. 9.Know the components of contributed capital. 10.Understand the accounting for treasury stock. Objectives

4. 4 Types of Corporations 1)Private Corporations (stock and nonstock; open and closed) 2)Public corporations 3)Domestic corporations 4)Foreign corporations 1)Private Corporations (stock and nonstock; open and closed) 2)Public corporations 3)Domestic corporations 4)Foreign corporations universities, hospitals, churches Available for purchase by the public

5. 5 Continued on next slide Changes in Equity Affecting Assets or Liabilities Transfers Between Entity and Owners Comprehensive Income Net Income Other Comprehensive Income Revenues and Expenses Gains and Losses Included in Net Income Investments by Owners Distributions to Owners

6. 6 Continued from previous slide Changes in Equity Not Affecting Assets or Liabilities Stock Dividends and Splits Conversions of Preferred Stock to Common Stock

7. 7 Stockholders’ Rights The right to share in the profits when a dividend is declared. The right to elect directors and to establish corporate policies. The right (called a preemptive right) to maintain a proportionate interest. The right to share in the distribution of the assets of the corporation if it is liquidated. The right to share in the profits when a dividend is declared. The right to elect directors and to establish corporate policies. The right (called a preemptive right) to maintain a proportionate interest. The right to share in the distribution of the assets of the corporation if it is liquidated.

8. 8 Basic Terminology Authorized capital stock—The number of shares of capital stock that a corporation may issue as stated in its charter. Issued capital stock—The number of shares of capital stock that a corporation has issued to its stockholders as of a specific date. Outstanding capital stock—The number of shares of capital stock that a corporation has issued to its stockholders and that are still being held by them on a specific date. Treasury stock— The number of shares of capital stock that a corporation has issued to its stockholders and has reacquired but not retired. Subscribed capital stock—The number of shares of capital stock that a corporation will issue upon the completion of an installment purchase contract with an investor.

9. 9 Basic Terminology Authorized Capital Stock Issued Capital Stock * Outstanding capital stock *Treasury stock Unissued Capital Stock * Subscribed capital stock

10. 10 Legal Capital Legal capital is the amount of stockholders’ equity that the corporation cannot distribute to stockholders.

11. 11 Issuance of Capital Stock When only one class of stock is issued, it is referred to as common stock.

12. 12 Issuance of Capital Stock A corporation issues 500 shares of its $10 par common stock for $18. Cash9,000 Common Stock, $10 par5,000 Additional Paid-in Capital on Common Stock4,000

13. 13 Issuance of Capital Stock A corporation issues 500 shares of its no- par stock common stock with a stated value of $10 for $18 per share. Cash9,000 Common Stock, $10 stated value5,000 Additional Paid-in Capital on Common Stock4,000

14. 14 Issuance of Capital Stock A corporation issues 500 shares of its no-par, no-stated value common stock for $18 per share. Cash9,000 Common Stock, no-par (500 shares)9,000

15. 15 Stock Subscriptions A corporation enters into a subscription contract with several subscribers that calls for the purchase of 1,000 shares of $6 par common stock at a price of $13 per share. A $3 per share down payment is required, with the remaining $10 due in one month. Cash3,000 Subscription Receivable: Common Stock10,000 Common Stock Subscribed6,000 Additional Paid-in Capital on Common Stock7,000 $6 x 1,000

16. 16 Stock Subscriptions The $10 per share final payment was received from subscribers to 950 of the 1,000 shares. Cash9,500 Subscription Receivable: Common Stock9,500 Common Stock Subscribed5,700 Common Stock, $6 par5,700 950 x $6

17. 17 1)Return to the subscriber the entire amount paid in. 2)Return to the subscriber the entire amount paid in, less any costs incurred to reissue the stock. 3)Issue to the subscriber a lesser number of shares based upon the total amount of payment received. 4)Require the forfeiture of all amounts paid in. Stock Subscriptions When a default occurs, the accounting is determined by the relevant contract provisions, such as--

18. 18 Stock Subscriptions The subscriber to the 50 remaining shares defaults on the contract. The contract requires the forfeiture of all amounts paid in (Option 4 in Slide 17). Common Stock Subscribed300 Additional Paid-in Capital on Common Stock350 Subscription Receivable: Common Stock500 Additional Paid-in Capital from Subscription Default150 50 x $6 50 x $7 50 x $10

19. 19 Combined Sales of Stock A corporation issues 100 packages of securities for $82.80 per package. Each package consists of two shares of $10 par common stock (market value, $16 per share) and one share of $50 par preferred stock (market value, $60 per share). Common Stock: $16 x 2 shares x 100= $ 3,200 Preferred Stock: $60 x 1 share x 100= 6,000 Total market value$9,200

20. 20 Combined Sales of Stock A corporation issues 100 packages of securities for $82.80 per package. Each package consists of two shares of $10 par common stock (market value, $16 per share) and one share of $50 par preferred stock (market value, $60 per share). Common Stock: x $8,280 = $2,880 $3,200 $9,200 Preferred Stock: x $8,280 = 5,400 $6,000 $9,200 $8,280

21. 21 Combined Sales of Stock A corporation issues 100 packages of securities for $82.80 per package. Each package consists of two shares of $10 par common stock (market value, $16 per share) and one share of $50 par preferred stock (market value, $60 per share). Cash8,280 Common Stock2,000 Additional Paid-in Capital on Com. Stock880 Preferred Stock, $50 par5,000 Additional Paid-in Capital on Pref. Stock400

22. 22 Combined Sales of Stock If only the separate market value of $16 per share for the common stock is known, a corporation assigns a $3,200 ($16 x 2 shares x 100 packages) of the proceeds to the common stock, and allocates the remainder to the preferred stock. Cash8,280 Common Stock2,000 Additional Paid-in Capital on Com. Stock1,200 Preferred Stock, $50 par5,000 Additional Paid-in Capital on Pref. Stock80

23. 23 Stock Splits A stock split results in a decrease in the par value per share of stock accompanied by a proportional increase in the number of shares issued. A stock split ordinarily is recorded by a memorandum entry.

24. 24 Stock Splits X Corporation issues a disproportionate stock split in which the reduction in par is not proportionate to the increase in the number of shares. Assume the par is reduced from $10 to $4. Common Stock, $10 par 600,000 Common Stock, $4 par480,000 Additional Paid-in Capital from Stock Split120,000 60,000 x $10 60,000 x 2 x $4

25. 25 Substantially all full-time employees who meet limited employment qualifications may participate in the plan on an equitable basis. The discount from the market price does not exceed the greater of: The plan has no option features other than the following: Noncompensatory Stock Option Plans a per-share discount that would be reasonable in an offer of stock to stockholders or others, or... The per-share amount of stock issuance costs avoided by not issuing the stock to the public. The purchase price is based solely on the market price of the stock on the purchase date, and employees are permitted to cancel their participation. Employees are allowed a short time from the date the purchase price is set to decide whether to enroll in the plan, and...

26. 26 Use Fair Value on Grant Date Compensatory Stock Option Plans Measure Fair Value of Stock Options Recognize Periodic Cost Report in Financial Statements Allocate over Service Period Income Statement Balance Sheet ContinuedContinued

27. 27 Report in Financial Statements Income Statement Balance Sheet Increase Compensation Expense (in Operating Expenses) Increase Contributed Capital (in Stockholders’ Equity) Description of Plan Information about Options Granted, Exercised, and Outstanding Other Information Disclose in Notes to Financial Statements Compensatory Stock Option Plans

28. 28 Recognition of Compensation Expense On January 1, 2004 Fox Corporation adopts a compensatory stock option plan and grants 9,000 stock options with a maximum life of 10 years to 30 selected employees. The $50 exercise price is equal to the market price of the stock on this grant date. At the end of 2006, a total of 7,500 stock options for 25 employees actually vest and the other 1,500 are forfeited. Fox determines that the fair value of each option is $17.15 on the grant date. ContinuedContinued

29. 29 Recognition of Compensation Expense Fox multiplies the fair value per stock option times the estimated stock options that will become vested [$17.15 x (9,000 x 0.97 x 0.97 x 0.97)] = $140,871. Memorandum entry: On January 1, 2004 the company granted a compensatory stock option plan to 30 employees. The plan allows each employee to exercise 300 stock options to acquire the same number of shares of the company’s common stock at an exercise price of $50 per share. The option vest at the end of 3 years and expire at the end of 10 years. The estimated value of the stock options expected to be exercised is $140,871. ContinuedContinued

30. 30 Recognition of Compensation Expense On December 31, 2004, Fox Corporation records the compensation expense by multiplying the $140,871 by the fraction of the service period that expired. Compensation Expense46,957 Common Stock Option Warrants46,957 $140,871 x 1/3 ContinuedContinued

31. 31 Recognition of Compensation Expense Based on new estimations, at the end of 2005 Fox Corporation revises total compensation cost to $128,201 [$17.15 x (9,000 x 0.94 x 0.94 x 0.94)]. Two-thirds of $128,201, or $85,467, has expired. Fox previously recorded $46,957 in 2004, so a “catch-up” entry is needed ($85,467 – $46,957 = $38,510). needed ($85,467 – $46,957 = $38,510). Based on new estimations, at the end of 2005 Fox Corporation revises total compensation cost to $128,201 [$17.15 x (9,000 x 0.94 x 0.94 x 0.94)]. Two-thirds of $128,201, or $85,467, has expired. Fox previously recorded $46,957 in 2004, so a “catch-up” entry is needed ($85,467 – $46,957 = $38,510). needed ($85,467 – $46,957 = $38,510). Compensation Expense38,510 Common Stock Option Warrants38,510 ContinuedContinued

32. 32 Recognition of Compensation Expense On January 5, 2005 one employee exercises options to purchase 300 shares of Fox Corporation’s $10 par common stock. On this date the stock is selling for $90 per share. Fair market value of warrants, $17.15. Cash15,000 Common Stock Option Warrants 5,145 Common Stock, $10 par3,000 Additional Paid-in Capital on Common Stock17,145 300 x $50 300 x $17.15

33. 33 Performance-Based Stock Option Plan A performance- based plan is set up so that the terms will vary depending on how well the selected employee performs. In other words, the better the employee manages the corporation, the better the terms.

34. 34 Performance-Based Stock Option Plan The terms for the stock option plan are the same as before except Fox grants each of the 30 selected employees a maximum of 300 stock options. 1)If the market share has increased 5 percent, at least 100 stock options will vest on that date. 2)If the market share has increased by at least 10 percent, another 100 stock options will vest. 3)If the market share has increased by more than 20%, all 300 stock options will vest. The option plan depends on the increase in market share of Fox’s products over the 3-year service period. The terms are as follows for each employee:

35. 35 Fraction of service period expired x 1/3 x 2/3 x 3/3 Est. compensation expense to date$31,305 $56,978 $128,625 Previously recognized com. exp. (0)(31,305) (56,978) Current compensation expense$31,305 $25,673 $ 71,647 Performance-Based Stock Option Plan 2004 2005 2006 Estimated (actual) total compensation cost$93,914 $85,467 128,625 200 x (30 employees x 0.94 x 0.94 x 0.94) x $17.15 (fair value per option) 300 x 25 x $17.15 200 x (30 employees x 0.97 x 0.97 x 0.97) x $17.15 (fair value per option)

36. 36 Additional Disclosures About a Compensatory Stock Option Plan 1.A description of the plan, including the general terms. 2.The number and weighted-average exercise prices for options granted, exercised, outstanding, forfeited, and expired during the year. 3.The weighted-average grant-date fair values of options granted during the year. 4.A description of the method and assumptions used during the year to estimate the fair values of options.

37. 37 Preferred Stock Characteristics  Preference as to dividends.  Accumulation of dividends.  Participation in excess dividends.  Convertibility into common stock.  Attachment of stock warrants (rights).  Callability by the corporation.  Redemption at a future maturity date.  Preference as to assets upon liquidation of the corporation.  Lack of voting rights.  Preference as to dividends.  Accumulation of dividends.  Participation in excess dividends.  Convertibility into common stock.  Attachment of stock warrants (rights).  Callability by the corporation.  Redemption at a future maturity date.  Preference as to assets upon liquidation of the corporation.  Lack of voting rights.

38. 38 Cumulative Preferred Stock J Corporation has outstanding 1,000 shares of 10%, $100 par cumulative preferred stock and 10,000 shares of $10 par common stock. The dividends are two years in arrears when a $30,000 dividend is declared. Preferred stockholders would receive all of it. 1,000 shares x $100 x 0.10 x 3 years = $30,000

39. 39 Convertible Preferred Stock Z Corporation originally issued 500 shares of $100 par convertible preferred stock at $120 per share. Each share of preferred stock may be converted into four shares of $20 par common stock. Preferred Stock, $100 par50,000 Additional Paid-in Capital on Preferred Stock10,000 Common Stock, $20 par40,000 Additional Paid-in Capital from Preferred Stock Conversion20,000 ContinuedContinued

40. 40 Convertible Preferred Stock Alternatively, assume each preferred share may be converted into seven shares of common stock. Preferred Stock, $100 par50,000 Additional Paid-in Capital on Preferred Stock10,000 Retained Earnings10,000 Common Stock, $20 par70,000 $70,000 – $60,000 7 x $500 x $20

41. 41 Preferred Stock with Stock Warrants (Rights) M Corporation issues 1,000 shares of $100 par value preferred stock at a price of $121 per share. It attaches a warrant to each share of stock that allows the holder to purchase one share of $10 par common stock at $40 per share. Immediately after the issuance, the preferred stock begins selling ex-rights for $119 per share and the warrants for $6 each. Preferred Stock: x $121,000 = $115,192 $119,000 $119,000 + $6,000 Common Stock Warrants: $6,000 $119,000 + $6,000 x $121,000 = $5,808 ContinuedContinued

42. 42 All warrants are exercised. Cash 40,000 Common Stock Warrants5,808 Common Stock, $20 par10,000 Additional Paid-in Capital on Common Stock35,808 Preferred Stock with Stock Warrants (Rights) $40 x 1,000

43. 43 Callable Preferred Stock Callable preferred stock may be retired under specified conditions by a corporation at its option.

44. 44 Preferred Stock, $100 par100,000 Additional Paid-in Capital on Preferred Stock10,000 Retained Earnings2,000 Cash112,000 Callable Preferred Stock Y Corporation has outstanding 1,000 shares of $100 par callable preferred stock that were issued at $110 per share and no dividends are in arrears. The call price is $112 per share.

45. 45 Preferred Stock, $100 par100,000 Additional Paid-in Capital on Preferred Stock10,000 Cash105,000 Additional Paid-in Capital from Recall of Preferred Stock5,000 Callable Preferred Stock Y Corporation has outstanding 1,000 shares of $100 par callable preferred stock that were issued at $110 per share and no dividends are in arrears. The call price is $105 per share.

46. 46 Contributed Capital Section Stockholders’ Equity Contributed Capital: Preferred stock, $100 par (9%, cumulative, convertible, 10,000 shares authorized, 4,300 shares issued and outstanding)$ 430,000 Common stock, $5 par (80,000 shares authorized, 32,800 shares issued and outstanding)164,000 Common stock subscribed, $5 par (3,600 shares at a subscription price of $34 per share)18,000 Common stock option warrants23,000 Additional paid-in capital on preferred stock107,500 Additional paid-in capital on common stock590,400 Additional paid-in capital from conversion of p.s. 10,100 Total Contributed Capital$1,343,000

47. 47 Treasury Stock  has been fully paid for by stockholders,  has been legally issued,  is reacquired by the corporation, and  is being held by the corporation for future reissuance. Treasury stock is a corporation’s own capital stock that...

48. 48 Treasury Stock Cost Method Issuance of 6,000 shares of $10 par common stock for $12 per share. Cash72,000 Common Stock $10 par60,000 Additional Paid-in Capital on Common Stock12,000

49. 49 Treasury Stock Cost Method Reacquisition of 1,000 shares of common stock at $13 per share. Treasury Stock13,000 Cash13,000

50. 50 Treasury Stock Reissuance of 600 shares of treasury stock at $15 per share. Cash9,000 Treasury Stock7,800 Additional Paid-in Capital from Treasury Stock1,200 Cost Method

51. 51 Treasury Stock Reissuance of another 200 shares of treasury stock at $8 per share. Cash1,600 Additional Paid-in Capital from Treasury Stock1,000 Treasury Stock2,600 Cost Method

52. 52 Treasury Stock Reissuance of another 100 shares of treasury stock at $10 per share. Cash1,000 Additional Paid-in Capital from Treasury Stock200 Retained Earnings100 Treasury Stock1,300 Cost Method

53. 53 Treasury Stock Contributed Capital: Common stock, $10 par (20,000 shares authorized, 6,000 shares issued, of which 100 are being held in treasury)$ 60,000 Additional paid-in capital on common stock 12,000 Total contributed capital$ 72,000 Retained earnings39,900 Accumulated other comprehensive income 10,000 Total contributed capital, retained earnings, and$121,900 accumulated other comprehensive income Less: Treasury stock (100 shares at cost) (1,300) Total Stockholders’ Equity$120,600 Cost Method

54. 54 Treasury Stock Par Value Method Issuance of 6,000 shares of $10 par common stock for $12 per share. Cash72,000 Common Stock $10 par60,000 Additional Paid-in Capital on Common Stock12,000

55. 55 Treasury Stock Reacquisition of 1,000 shares of common stock at $13 per share. Treasury Stock10,000 Additional Paid-in Capital on Common Stock2,000 Retained Earnings1,000 Cash13,000 Par Value Method

56. 56 Treasury Stock Reissuance of 600 shares of treasury stock at $15 per share. Cash9,000 Treasury Stock6,000 Additional Paid-in Capital on Common Stock3,000 Par Value Method

57. 57 Treasury Stock Reissuance of another 200 shares of treasury stock at $8 per share. Cash1,600 Additional Paid-in Capital on Common Stock400 Treasury Stock2,000 Par Value Method

58. 58 Reissuance of another 100 shares of treasury stock at $10 per share. Cash1,000 Treasury Stock1,000 Treasury Stock Par Value Method

59. 59 Treasury Stock Contributed Capital: Common stock, $10 par (20,000 shares authorized, 6,000 shares issued)$ 60,000 Less: Treasury stock (100 shares at par) (1,000) Common stock outstanding (5,900 shares)$ 59,000 Additional paid-in capital on common stock 12,600 Total contributed capital$ 71,600 Retained earnings39,000 Accumulated other comprehensive income 10,000 Total Stockholders’ Equity$120,600 Par Value Method

60. 60 Conceptual Overview of Treasury Stock Conceptual Overview of Treasury Stock 1.Treasury stock is not an asset. 2.Treasury stock does not vote, has no preemptive rights, ordinarily does not share in dividends, or participate in the company’s liquidation assets, but does participate in stock splits. 3.Treasury stock transactions do not result in gains or losses. ContinuedContinued

61. 61 4. Treasury stock transactions may reduce retained earnings, but may never increase it. 5.Retained earnings usually must be restricted regarding dividends when treasury stock is held. 6.Total corporate stockholders’ equity is not affected by whether cost or par value method is used. Conceptual Overview of Treasury Stock Conceptual Overview of Treasury Stock

62. 62 C hapter 15 The End

63. 63