1. CLASSIFICATION

2. Taxonomy Living things are classified in a hierarchial system There are five main groups called KINGDOMS

3. The Five Kingdoms Prokaryotes (Bacteria) Protoctista Plantae (Plants) Fungi Animalia (Humans)

4. Animalia Kingdom Kingdoms are then divided further until they are divided into species.

5. KINGDOMSMany organismsFew features in common Phylum (Phyla) Class Order Family Genus SpeciesOne type of organismsNearly all features the same

6. Human Classification: Homo sapiens KINGDOMSAnimalia Phylum (Phyla)Chordata ClassMammalia OrderPrimates FamilyHominidae GenusHomo Speciessapiens

7. KINGS PLAY CHESS ON FURRY GREEN SURFBOARDS

8. Plants All plants are multicellular, this means that they are made up of lots of cells. They all contain chloroplasts, so that they can carry out photosynthesis. They all have cell walls made of cellulose. They all use photosynthesis to create their own food. They store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose.

9. Fungi These can be multicellular or unicellular (made of only 1 cell). Their bodies look like threads called hyphae. Fungi do not photosynthesise, they feed by absorbing nutrients from material around them. They have a cell wall made from chitin. Some fungi store carbohydrates as glycogen.

10. Protoctista These are usually unicellular. E.g. Euglena (can photosynthesise and eats other organisms) Some look like animal cells, but some look like plant cells and contain chloroplasts. Seaweed belongs to this group.

11. Prokaryotes These are also unicellular. They do not have a nucleus, just a loop of DNA. Most feed from other organisms, some contain a form of chlorophyll for photosynthesis.

12. Viruses Many scientists debate whether viruses are living things. They do not feed, respire, excrete, move, grow, or respond to their surroundings. They do reproduce but they need to do so inside of another cell. Viruses are not made of cells. They do contain genetic material.

13. Animals Animals are also multicellular. Animals don’t carry out photosynthesis, they need to feed on other plants and animals. Animal cells don’t have cell walls, this means they can move freely. Animals have a nervous system so that they can move. They also store carbohydrates as glycogen in their muscles.

14. Kingdoms are divided into Phyla Main Phyla NematodesRound/unsegmented worms (parasitic) AnnelidsSegmented worms eg earthworm Molluscs`Soft bodied sometimes with a shell eg snails/squid ArthropodsJointed legs, Exoskeleton Divided into 4 classes Arachnids 2 body regions 4 pairs of jointed legs Insects 3 body regions3 pairs of jointed legs Crustaceans crabs more than 4 pairs legs Myriapods centipedes/millipedes many pairs of legs Vertebrates

15. Vertebrates can be divided into 5 classes. FishCold bloodedWet scales Lays Eggs in waterGills Amphibians Cold bloodedWet skin Lays Eggs in waterSkin and lungs Reptiles Cold blooded Dry scales Lays soft eggs on landLungs Birds Warm bloodedFeathers Lays hard eggs on landLungs Mammals Warm bloodedSkin and hair live birthLungs

16. PLANTS FLOWERING PLANTS CONIFERS FERNS MOSS SMALL PLANTS. NO FLOWERS. TINY ROOTS. REPRODUCE USING SPORES. LIVE IN DAMP SHADY PLACES. HAVE FRONDS (LEAVES). NO FLOWERS. REPRODUCE USING SPORES. LIVE IN DAMP OFTEN SHADY PLACES. EXTENSIVE ROOTS. NO FLOWERS. REPRODUCE USING SEEDS INSIDE CONES. GENERALLY LEAVES REDUCED TO NEEDLES HAVE FLOWERS. REPRODUCE USING SEEDS MADE INSIDE FRUITS. MOST WIDESPREAD VARIED GROUP

17. Flowering plants can be divided into 2 main groups MonocotyledonsDicotyledons Blade shaped leaves Parallel veins One food store (cotyledon) in a seed Often have broad leaves Branching veins Two food stored in the seed Grass and cereals Peas and beans

18. Binomial Classification The latin name Tells us the genus and the species Homo sapiens

19. Another form of classification - Cladistics Cladograms show evolutionary relationships between organism. Species are groups based on shared characteristics from the last common ancestor. Used to be based on physical features. DNA and RNA sequences are now used to produce Cladograms. How can DNA and RNA sequences provide information about the relationships between different species?

20. GibbonsOrang u tans Gorilla Chimpanzee Human Great Apes Lesser Apes 7MY A 10MY A 15MY A 20MY A TODAY

21. KEYS These enable organisms to be identified Two main types – Branching Key – Statement or Dichotomous Key

22. 19/03/2016 Using a Statement Key to Sort shapes 1.Does it have 3 sides? Yes = triangle No = go to Q2 2. Does it have five sides? 3. Are all the sides the same? Yes=pentagon No = go to Q3 Yes = square No = a rectangle