1. Lecture 1 – Plant Structures

2. Objectives Outline the main parts of a plant. Explain how plants are designed. Describe the functions of plants.

3. Animal or Plant?! The sea slug, Elysia chlorotica, captures chloroplasts from the algae on which it feeds. In addition, it has recently been shown to also have incorporated into its genome some of the genes necessary for photosynthesis to continue in these sequestered chloroplasts. True “green technology” in action to produce a solar powered animal!

4. 1. Write a brief paragraph to explain, what is a plant? Be sure to mention the life cycle 2. World population has increased dramatically in recent times. What has happened to grain production during this time? Has it increased, decreased or stayed the same? Compared to the increase in world population, is there: (a) enough; (b) large surpluses or (c) large deficits in food needed to feed everyone?

5. Plant Engineering and Design What does a plant need to do? 1.Attachment to ground 2.Water uptake 3.Photosynthesis (food production) 4.Material transport 5.Reproduction: - pollination - seed dispersal

6. Plant Engineering and Design Plants have a modular design: Organs, Tissues, Tissue Systems Roots Stems Leaves Flowers (=modified stem + leaves) Fruit + Seed

7. Roots Primary Functions: 1.Attachment to substrate 2.Water and nutrient uptake 3.Transport of water and food 4.Food storage

8. Roots Primary Functions: 1.Attachment to substrate 2.Water and nutrient uptake 3.Transport of water and food 4.Food storage

9. Major Functions of Roots

10. Root Systems

11. Roots First

12. See Fig. 1.6, p. 7

13. Roots First

14. Mycorrhizae

15. Adventitious Roots

16. Big Adventitious Roots = Buttresses

17. Adventitious Roots – Used for Propagation

18. Storage Roots

19. The Shoot System - Stems

20. The Shoot System - Stems nodes + internodes

21. The Shoot System - Stems nodes + internodes - Leaves

22. The Shoot System - Stems nodes + internodes - Leaves blade + petiole

23. The Shoot System - Stems nodes + internodes - Leaves blade + petiole - Buds

24. Stems – Functions - Supportive Framework: Leaves and Flowers - Conduction of food and water

25. Stems – Functions - Supportive Framework: Leaves and Flowers - Conduction of food and water Design Constraints: - Growth, from point source - Cellular composition

26. Stems – Functions - Supportive Framework: Leaves and Flowers - Conduction of food and water Design Constraints: - Growth, from point source - Cellular composition Result: Mostly cylindrical structures and substructures

27. Stem – Cylindrical Structure

28. Pith Vascular Bundle

29. Specialized Stems

30. Leaves - Functions 1.Food production (Photosynthesis)

31. Leaves - Functions 1.Food production (Photosynthesis) - Light absorption - Gas exchanges - Food and nutrient transport

32. Leaves - Functions 1.Food production (Photosynthesis) - Light absorption - Gas exchanges - Food and nutrient transport 2. Specialized functions in some plants

33. Leaf – Structure

35. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION