2. Scene One When you lost your way in a strange place, you may ask the police or a passer-by for directions. You will say: _______ you tell me the way to the Grand Hotel?

3. Scene Two You need to look up a new word but you’ve left your dictionary at home. You can borrow one from your classmate. You will say: _______ I borrow your dictionary?

4. Scene Three Your friend ask you for advice on improving English listening ability, and you will say: I think you ____ listen to English program as often as possible.

5. Scene Four You go to visit Mr. Green but are not sure whether he is at home or not. When you see the light on, you will say: Well, he _____ be at home.

6. Scene Five As you are students now, you often hear your parents and teachers say: You _______________ study hard.

7. Scene Six You’ve made a new foreign friend and you ask him: _______ you speak Chinese?

8. Could you please tell me the way to the Grand Hotel? May I borrow your dictionary? I think you should listen to English program as often as possible. Well, he must be at home. You must/ have to study hard. Can you speak Chinese?

9. 1. We use modal verbs to talk about: 1. Ability （能力） 2. Obligation （义务） 3. Certainty （可能性） 4. Permission （允许 ）

10. 2.We also use modal verbs to: 5. Make requests （提出请求） 6. Make suggestions （提出建 议） 7. Make offers （提供帮助） 8. Give advice （提出意见）

11. 1.Ability ( 能力 ): Liu Xiang can run the 110m hurdle race within 13 seconds.

12. can/could: 1. can 一般表示与生俱来的能力或 者一种客观可能性 ( 理论上的 ), 还 可以表示请求和允许 。 Learning English _____ be difficult. can Man can not live without air. _______ I use your bike? Can

13. can/could: 2. 在疑问句中，用 could 可表示请 求，语气较委婉。 — ____I have the television on? — Yes, you _____. / No, you _____ Could He asks if he ____ smoke here. could can/may can’t/I’m afraid not

14. can/could: 3. 表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主 要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中） He’s such a nice person that he ______ commit the crime. can’t 你怎么会如此地粗心！ How can you be so careless! Can this be true?

15. can/be able to 区别 : Edison always wondered why hens could hatch ( 孵 ) chickens while he was not able to. Question: Are the two modal verbs interchangeable ( 互换 ) ? If not, why? 与生俱来的能力一种客观可能 通过后天的学习和努力获 得的能力，在某个客观的场合和背景下 can 表示与生俱来的能力或一种客观可能，而 be able to 更加强调通过后天的学习和努力获 得的能力，或者在某个客观的场合和背景下， 能做到的事情。

16. can/be able to 区别 : 1.A big fire broke out in ABC hotel yesterday. Luckily, everyone __________ run out of the building. was able to 2. She _____ speak both English and French. can

17. Shi Dongpeng might win a medal at the Olympic Games. Although the chance of winning a medal is small, I’ll try my best! 2.Certainty ( 可能性 ) :

18. very uncertain almost certain mightshouldmustmaycouldought towill 1.He _____ be at home. 2.He _____ be at home, for he just called me from his home 15 seconds ago. A.may B.might C.must (can)

19. 1.must 表示肯定的猜测，译为 “ 一定 ” ，不 能用于否定句或疑问句。 This must be your pen. He must be doing his homework now. He must have arrived already. must

20. 2. must 表猜测的时候，其否定形式为 can’t 而非 mutsn’t. This can’t be done by him. 3. should 也可以用于推测, 表示未来 一种合乎理想的情况或结果。 It’s nearly 7 o’clock. Jack should be here at any moment.

21. —They___ be doing the experiment in the lab. —Why ？ —Because the lights are still burning. A.could B.can C.must D.would

22. 3.Making suggestions ( 提出建议 ) : Shall we do the training in the morning? It’s too hot to take exercise in the afternoon.

23. shall: 1. Shall 用于第一、第三人称疑问 句中，表示说话人征求对方的意 见、向对方请示或提供帮助 。 1.Shall we begin our lesson? 2.When shall he be allowed to leave hospital? 3.Shall I carry this bag for you?

24. shall: 2. Shall 用于第二、第三人称，表 示说话人给对方命令、警告、允 诺或威胁。 You shall fail if you don‘t work harder. He shall be punished according to the rule. He shall have the book when I finish it. 警告 威胁 允诺

25. 此外，当宣布法律、规定时，也要用 shall It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 在所有的试卷收上来之前， 应试者不得离开座位。

26. 4.Making offers ( 提供帮助 ): Don’t worry, dear, I will wash them right away. Mom, my dirty clothes have been piled up! I don’t have time……

27. will/would: 1. 表示请求、建议等， would 比 will 委婉客气。 sentence pattern Would you please… Would you mind… Would rather… Would you like…

28. will/would: 2. 表示意志、愿望和决心。 I will never do that again.

29. will/would: 3. 可表示经常性、习惯性、倾向 性。翻译为 “ 经常、惯于、总是 ” 。 1).The old man _______have a smoke under a big tree every afternoon after he finished his farm work. would

30. 2). 门就是打不开 ! The door won’t open.

31. 5.Giving advice ( 提出意见 ): You should not/ought not to eat so much before running. How delicious !!!

32. should: 1. Should 表示劝告、建议、命令， 其同义词是 ought to ；在疑问句中， 通常用 should 代替 ought…to 。 Should I open the window? 我们应当要相互学习。 We should learn from each other.

33. should: 2. 情态动词 should 用于第一人称 时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、 客气、委婉的语气。 Rose—Sure. By the way, who is your idol? Jack—Liu Xiang, I should say. I should advise you not to do that again.

34. 3. should 表示意外或惊讶 常译为 “ 居然，竟然 ” 。 I can’t believe such a gentleman should be so rude to the old. 我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人 如此无礼。 should:

35. 4. should 表示猜测时，一般指按经验或逻辑 判断，翻译成 “ 照说应该，估计，想必 ” should: ---When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow afternoon. ---They _____be ready by 12 : 00. A. can B. should C. might D. need

36. How can we deal with exercises concerning modal verbs? Functions & usage of modal verbs Language context ( 上下文、 语境 ) Functions & usage of modal verbs Language context ( 上下文、 语境 )

37. 1. I should have been there, but I ___ not find the time. A. would B. could C. might D. should 2. If it were not for the fact that she ____ sing, I would invite her to the party. A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not

38. 3.-- Is John coming by train? -- He should, but he ____ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may 4. Do you think I _____ report the strange thing to the police? A. should B. may C. will D. can

39. 5. -- Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there? -- No, it ___ be him —— I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not 6. There ___ be any difficulty about passing the test since you’ve practiced a lot. A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t

40. 7. – Is this the way to the Summer Palace? -- Sorry, I’m not sure, but it ___ be. A. might B. will C. must D. can 8. The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _______ be very slow. A. should B. must C. will D. can

41. Review the usage of modal verbs and finish the exercise on page 5.