1. Pre 1840 Contact Economic, social, religious and conflict

2. What to think about Questions involving decision of Europeans to come here and consequences on Maori society from this. Questions involving changing relationships between Maori and European 1800-1840 and the impacts of this. Acculturation is important as a consequence/impact.

3. Economic Contact Sealers Whalers Traders –What are they, why are they here, what interaction with Maori arose from this, what consequences came with this interaction? Sex industry – More of a consequence of the other three, but still loosely associated.

4. Social Contact Pakeha-Maori Intermediaries Maori Travellers –You will probably use this as a consequence of the economic contact, or for 3.5 view it as an impact and part of the changing relationship.

5. Religious Contact Context –Who, when, where? Factors –Reasons for the missionaries attempting to convert Maori to Christianity –Reasons for Maori converting to Christianity Consequences –Effects of conversion to Christianity on Maori –Effects of conversion on Maori-Pakeha relationships Reading – CC 7-9, 12-17, King 139-148, Belich, 164-169, ESA 56, 58-60.

6. Contact Through Conflict The Boyd The Elizabeth The Harriet Affair Musket Wars –Changed nature of warfare –“Balance of Terror” ended it (Judith Binney)

7. Treaty Of Waitangi

8. Context Background – Humanitarian concerns Preparing the Treaty –Hobson and his instructions –Immediate events leading to the signing –Maori and Pakeha expectations Versions of the Treaty –‘Official English text –Maori text –Literal English translation of Maori text –Belich’s Oral version Reasons for different understandings of the Treaty

9. Causes Reasons for the British Making a Treaty –Humanitarian concerns –Appointment of Busby (why) –Maori independence – United Tribes Flag and the Declaration of Independence (did it work, did it make people happy, e.g. James Stephens was angry Busby was potentially giving away a good colony –Influence of ‘three tails wagging the dog’ Missionaries Agents of organised immigration (NZ Association/Company and Wakefield) Merchants and capitalists and trade –Nerve Centres/Pressure Points (or the dog’s balls) Influence of the ‘myths of empire’ (we’re British, we’re great) Anglo-French rivalry –Protect Maori –Land sales and issues –Need for centralised government

10. Causes Reasons for Maori making a treaty –Missionaries (this means the treaty can act as a consequence of missionaries in that topic) –Authority –Land issues –Trade –Protection of the British Think of it like ‘ooooo lots of shiny things we want them where do we sign?’

11. Consequences Immediate Consequences –Gathering signatures –No unanimous Maori agreement –Proclamation of British Sovereignty –Divided opinions and different reactions to the Treaty Longer Term Consequences = clashes of government authority (kawanatanga) and chiefly authority (rangatiratanga) –Legislative violations by the governors of the 1840s –Dissatisfaction by Maori results in conflict (Northern Wars) –Establishment of Pakeha authority – 1852 constitution and settler government –Race Relations –Trade –Establishment of Kingitanga

12. Kingitanga What –Maori, specifically the tries of the central North Island, created a ‘Maori King’ as a way of asserting sovereignty against the ever expanding settlers. Who –Te Wherowhero became King Potatau 1858-1860. –His son Matutaera succeeded him as King Tawhaio 1860-1894. –Influential Maori such as Wiremu Tamihana were influential in estalishing Kingitanga. Tamihana is known as ‘the kingmaker’, although many Maori played a role.

13. Causes Increasing Maori apprehension due to: –Population – Pakeha overtook them in 1858 –Gov. Fitzroy –Gov. Grey –Post Treaty conflicts (Wairau Affray and Northern War) –Maori land loss –1852 constitution –Settler attitude to Maori Plus it would be a real problem for the British as it would unite Maori (stops ‘divide and rule’) and by prohibiting the sale of land it prevents the British from being able to take all the land they want.

14. Consequences Maori assertion of sovereignty Land placed under the mana of the King Pakeha saw it as a direct threat Waikato War 1861-1863 –Government decision (Grey) –Land confiscation Not a unified movement