1. Desirable properties for our indicators Colin Cryer Injury Prevention Research Unit University of Otago New Zealand ICE Business Meeting, Merida, 22 March 2008 ICE Business Meeting, Merida, 22 March 2008

2. 15 March 2008 2Colin Cryer, IPRU, University of Otago Cryer and Langley Document Indicators of injury incidence Indicators of injury incidence Theoretical underpinnings Theoretical underpinnings Issues Issues Validation Validation Proposed “all injury” indicators Proposed “all injury” indicators Deaths Deaths Hospital inpatient Hospital inpatient Hospital ED Hospital ED Survey Survey Appendix supplied by Maria Segui-Gomez Appendix supplied by Maria Segui-Gomez

3. Developing injury indicators that can be used to monitor global, regional and local trends: Face validity criteria Cryer C, Langley J Injury Prevention Research Unit, University of Otago, New Zealand; colin.cryer@ipru.otago.ac.nz Developing injury indicators that can be used to monitor global, regional and local trends: Face validity criteria Cryer C, Langley J Injury Prevention Research Unit, University of Otago, New Zealand; colin.cryer@ipru.otago.ac.nz 1. Numerator-related a) Case definition of injury based on diagnosis – on anatomical or physiological damage (ICE)* b) Consistent case definition over time or between place c) Focus on serious injury (ICE) d) Unbiased case ascertainment (ICE) e) Derived from data representative of the target population (ICE) 2. Denominator-related (for risk or rate estimates) a) Reflect the exposure of the population to relevant injury hazards 3. Overall indicator-related a)Measurement that is practicable b)Reflects a well-defined information objective c)Able to measure change over time or between place d)Be fully specified (ICE) e)Timeliness f)Readily comprehensible 4. Data-related a)Be based on existing data systems (or it should be practical to develop new data systems) (ICE) b)Robust to potential or known changes/differences in coding frames or coding practice between places or over time. * Cryer C et al. Injury outcome indicators: the development of a validation tool. Injury Prevention 2005; 11: 53-57

4. 15 March 2008 4Colin Cryer, IPRU, University of Otago 1. Numerator-related a) Case definition of injury based on diagnosis – on anatomical or physiological damage (ICE)* b) Consistent case definition over time or between place c) Focus on serious injury (ICE) d) Unbiased case ascertainment (ICE) e) Derived from data representative of the target population (ICE)

5. 15 March 2008 5Colin Cryer, IPRU, University of Otago 2. Denominator-related a) Reflect the exposure of the population to relevant injury hazards. Options Options No denominator No denominator Average population at risk Average population at risk Census population, age-standardised Census population, age-standardised Other Other Eg. MVTC Eg. MVTC Rate per 10,000 people Rate per 10,000 people Rate per 100,000 vehicles Rate per 100,000 vehicles Rate per 1,000,000 kms driven Rate per 1,000,000 kms driven

6. 15 March 2008 6Colin Cryer, IPRU, University of Otago 3. Overall indicator-related a) Measurement that is practicable b) Reflects a well-defined information objective c) Able to accurately reflect change over time or differences between place d) Be fully specified (ICE) e) Timeliness f) Readily comprehensible

7. 15 March 2008 7Colin Cryer, IPRU, University of Otago 4. Data-related a) Be based on existing data systems (or it should be practicable to develop new data systems) (ICE) (or it should be practicable to develop new data systems) (ICE) b) Robust to potential or known changes / differences in coding frames or coding practice between places and over time. c) Data source accurately captures key data Eg. diagnosis, external cause, age, sex, ethnic group. Eg. diagnosis, external cause, age, sex, ethnic group.

8. 15 March 2008 8Colin Cryer, IPRU, University of Otago Properties to bear in mind (particularly) when identifying indicators Data source accurately captures key data Data source accurately captures key data Focus on injury that is serious / consequential Focus on injury that is serious / consequential Unbiased case ascertainment Unbiased case ascertainment Reflect the exposure of the population to relevant injury hazards Reflect the exposure of the population to relevant injury hazards Able to accurately reflect change over time or differences between place. Able to accurately reflect change over time or differences between place.