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Published byHilary Barrett Modified over 9 years ago
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Organic Molecules: 2.3 Chemical compounds containing Carbon
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Vocabulary Check Explain the difference between monomers and polymers based on the picture to the right!
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Organic Molecules Carbohydrates (sugars) Proteins Lipids(fats) Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA)
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Carbohydrates (Sugars) Organic compounds with a 2:1 ratio between Hydrogen and Oxygen. (CH 2 O) Monosaccharides (simple sugars) C 6 H 12 O 6 glucose, deoxyribose, and ribose sugar Disaccharides (double sugars) C 12 H 22 O 11 sucrose and lactose Polysaccharides (complex sugars) (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n starch, cellulose,and glycogen
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Carbohydrate Functions Quick energy foods (1 gram contains 4 calories of energy): glucose,sucrose, and fructose Storage (starch in plants, glycogen in animals) Structure (cellulose and chitin)
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Protein Proteins are organic compounds made up of smaller units called amino acids. Each amino acid contains an NH 2 or amino group and a CO 2 H or carboxyl group
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Protein Functions Movement: Makes up muscle tissue (actin and myosin). Transport: Carries oxygen in organisms (hemoglobin). Immunity: Helps fight off foreign invaders (antibodies). Enzymes: Speed up chemical reactions (amylase and trypsin). Energy source (1 gram = 4 kcal of energy).
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Lipids A group of hydrophobic compounds that contain very little oxygen. Examples: Fats, Steroids, Cholesterol, and Wax. They are found surrounding internal organs, in each cell membrane, and clogging arteries and veins.
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Main Types of Fats Saturated: No double bonds between the carbons Solid at room temperature Found mostly in animals. Unsaturated: Double bonds between some of the carbons Liquid at room temperature Found mostly in plants
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Lipid Functions High Energy food. 1 gram contains 9 Kcal of energy. Protects vital organs Insulates the body Stores food for later use
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Nucleic Acids These are chemical compounds made up of smaller units called nucleotides. Examples are: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic acid).
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Nucleic Acid Comparison DNA Double Helix ( twisted ladder) Contains the bases A, T, C, & G Contains the code for the bodies proteins RNA Single strand Contains the bases A, U, C, & G Carries the code for a protein, transfers amino acids to ribosomes.
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How Organic Compounds are Formed and Destroyed Dehydration Synthesis Hydrolysis
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Dehydration Synthesis The combination of two monomers (building blocks) using enzymes and losing water.
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Hydrolysis The process of breaking down a polymer (large organic molecule) into its sub units using enzymes and water.
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