1. Michael Twardowski 27 Nov 2013

2.  Air is trapped between the parietal and visceral pleura  Traumatic  Common after trauma or blunt force injury to the thoracic cavity  Spontaneous  Hemapneumothorax  Tension pneumothorax  Lung collapses

3.  Clinical Exam  Chest X-ray (CXR)  Sensitivity 28.6%  CAT Scan

5.  Pneumothorax accounts for 10% of preventable deaths in a combat environment.  Remote areas  Lack of access to conventional diagnostic methods.  Air transport  Evaluation of a patients’ respiratory condition can be difficult in loud environments.  Conventional CXR misses 16-76% of all pneumothoraxes.

6.  Developed by PneumoSonics.  Uses Micropower Impulse Radar.  Operates in a bandwidth from 1 to 4 GHz.  Emits ultra short radar pulses (<1 ns) at 2 MHz.  Spatial accuracy of 5mm.  Power output similar to cell phones (50 mW)  Currently classified as a Class III Medical products.  Awaiting premarket approval.

9.  Sensitivity of 85.7%.  Specificity of 97.7%.  Can measure volumes within 30 mL.  below clinical significance  Can confirm successful needle decompression in a nonclinical setting.  Minimal training required.

10.  ElectroSonics Medical. Pneumothorax Detector Whitepaper. http://www.elecsonmed.com/PDFs/Pneumo_White_Pper_June_2007.do c. http://www.elecsonmed.com/PDFs/Pneumo_White_Pper_June_2007.do c  Greszler A. Non-Invasive Pneumothorax Detector. http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a530727.pdf. http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a530727.pdf  Albers C, Haefeli P, Zimmermann H, de Moya M, Exadaktylos A. Can handheld micropower impulse radar technology be used to detect pneumothorax? Initial experience in a European trauma centre. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002013831200048 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002013831200048