1. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

2. Pollution Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into a natural environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical systems or living organisms.

3. Types of pollution  Air Pollution  Water Pollution  Thermal Pollution  Soil Pollution  Radioactive Pollution

4. Air pollution Imbalance in the quality of air so as to cause adverse affects on the living organisms existing on earth.

5. Causes of air pollution 1.Natural sources  Volcanic eruptions  Forest fires  Pollen grains of flowers 2.Man-made sources  Deforestation  Burning of fossil fuels and fires  Emission from vehicles  Rapid industrialization  Wars

6. Control Measures –Removal of pollutants –Reduce sulphur content before burning –Use of energy sources other than fossil fuels –Legal measures from authorities –Increased planting of vegetation

7. Water Pollution – Contamination of water by addition of undesirable organic, inorganic or biological substances to water sources –Natural sources: soil erosion, leaching of minerals from of rocks and decay matter. –Industrial effluents –Destroys ecosystem and effects human health

8. Sources of water pollution Community waste waters Industrial wastes Agricultural sources Under ground water pollution Marine pollution Thermal pollution

9. Control of water pollution Treatment of garbage and sewage. Chemical treatment. Reduction of temperature of waste water. Minimize the use of non - degradable pesticides. Proper enactment of laws by government.

10. Soil pollution Undesirable change in the physical, chemical or biological property which adversely affects its productivity Caused by dumping of wastes, agrochemicals and as indirect result of air pollution

11. Sources of Soil Pollution Domestic wastes Agricultural wastes Industrial wastes Excretory products Salination

12. Control of soil pollution Proper disposal of industrial and agricultural wastes Recycling and recovery of materials Minimize the manufacture and use of chemical fertilizers Reduce the use of pesticides

13. Radioactive pollution Physical pollution that affects air, water and soil. Caused by ionizing radiations of harmful nature emitted from disintegrating atomic nuclei. The natural sources include cosmic rays that reaches the earth surface and radiations from radium 224, uranium 235 thorium 232 etc

14. Man made sources Nuclear weapons Reactors and Nuclear fuel Waste waters containing these wastes X-rays used in medical practices Ultra violet rays present in solar radiations

15. Effects Mutation Cancer Radioactive substances in food chain cause retarded growth and bone cancer. Increases infant mortality rate

16. Control measures Prevention of leakage of radioactive elements from nuclear reactors. Proper storage and disposal of nuclear wastes Regular monitoring Increasing the use of non harmful energy sources

17. Noise pollution Unwanted high pitch sound that pollutes the environment. Maximum tolerable intensity of sound is 85 decibels The main sources are automobiles, aero planes, loudspeakers, industries and other electro-mechanical devices.

18. Effects of noise pollution Damage to ear drum and impairment to hearing. Damages heart, liver and brain Emotional disturbances and behavioral changes Leads to anxiety and stress

19. Control measures Design machines with minimum sound Proper lubrication maintenance of machines and installation of silencers. Use of sound absorbing materials Use of noise protective devices

20. Thermal Pollution The term thermal pollution has been used to indicate the detrimental effects of heated effluents discharged by various power plants.

21. Causes of thermal pollution  Nuclear power plants  Coal fired power plants  Industrial effluents  Domestic sewage

22. Control Measures  Cooling towers  Cooling ponds  Artificial lakes