1. PRESENT: With am, is, are PAST: With was, were
Passive voice
PRESENT:
With am, is, are
PAST:
With was, were

2. PRESENT SIMPLE
ACTIVE  Subject + verb + object (complements). The important thing is the subject, the person who does the action.
1.- Gina writes a book about cooking.
2.- Gina writes some books.
3.- They buy some food every week.
4.- My brother sends letters every month.
PASSIVE The object is the subject + am, is or are + participle. The important thing is the action, not the subject.
1.- A book about cooking is written by Gina.
2.- Some books are written by Gina.
3.- Some food is bought (by them).
4.- Letters are sent every month by my son.

3. ACTIVE: They play music in the disco.
PASSIVE: Music is played in the disco (by them).

4. Active or Passive?
Japanese women write manga comics.
Manga comics are written by Japanese women.

5. PAST SIMPLE PASSIVE
ACTIVE: The verb is in the past simple.
Miguel Angel made this sculpture
500 years ago.
PASSIVE:
Subject + was/were + participle of the verb
used + by
the person (not always needed).
This sculpture was made by Miguel Angel

6. When do we use passive? Reporting crimes when the criminal is unknown.
A thief was caught at Pau’s house yesterday morning.
ACTIVE:
The thief stole at Pau’s house
yesterday morning.

7. 2.- Describing mechanical processes:
The melted chocolate is spread over the table.
Someone spreads the melted chocolate over the tray.

8. 3.- Describing scientific experiments:

9. Change the present and past sentences from active to passive:
Tommy knew Machu Picchu ruins in Peru.
My boss sent me detailed instructions.
Sam's friend solved the problem.
The workers complete the new road in the next year.
Paul repairs the car.
My brother forgot his wallet at the bank.
My sister sends a letter to my mother.
The little girl draws her pet.
She dropped her bag in the train.
My brother takes his medicine every day.
You bought your jeans in USA.

10. PRESENT AND PAST SIMPLE PASSIVE: NEGATIVE
Many people don’t visit art galleries. (Active neg. Present)
Art galleries aren’t visited by many people.(Passive/neg.Prs.)
Picasso didn’t paint the Mona Lisa. (Act. Negative Past)
The Mona Lisa wasn’t painted by Picasso (Pass/neg.Past)
Paper and pencils weren’t invented in the 17 th century.

11. QUESTIONS WITH PASSIVE:
What is the gallery called? Tate Gallery!
When was the Mona Lisa painted? Between 1503 and 1506.
Are any Leoardo’s inventions used today?
Yes, they are.
No, they aren’t.
Were Leoardo’s books written in a normal way?
Yes, they were No, they weren’t.
When was the football invented? In the 18 th century.
When was the mobile phone created? In 1973.