1. Diabetes Mellitus Lora Stowitzky

2. Statistics  Affects 23.6 million people in the U.S. - Diagnosed: 17.9 million people - Undiagnosed: 5.7 million people  7th leading cause of death in the U.S (2006)

3. What is Diabetes?  A chronic disease in which the body can not properly use or make insulin.  Insulin- a hormone made in the pancrease that turns sugar (glucose) into energy for the body to use

4. What happens without insulin? Lack of insulin  Build up of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia)  Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus

5. Symptoms  Frequent urination  Excessive thirst  Extreme hunger - Cells are starved for energy  Unexplained weight loss - Insulin can not trigger the storage of fat  Fatigue  Delayed wound healing

6. Type I Diabetes Mellitus  Juvenile diabetes  Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus  Autoimmune disorder  The body destroys the cells that make the insulin  Thus, the body can no longer produce insulin

7. Type I Diabetes Mellitus  Usually diagnosed in children & young adults ( <30 years old)  5-10% of diabetics

8. Type I Diabetes Mellitus  RISK factors: - Genetics - Autoimmune history  Type I is not preventable

9. Type I Treatment  Glucose monitoring often  Insulin injections  Exercise  Diet  Follow up with doctor  Educate yourself!

10. Type II Diabetes Mellitus  Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus  Body makes insulin but most cells do not use insulin properly  Insulin resistance  Slowly, the pancreas stops making insulin.

11. Type II Diabetes Mellitus  90-95 % of diabetics  RISK factors - Older age - Family history - Obesity - Physical Inactivity - Race and Ethnicity

12. Type II Risk Factors  Obesity & Inactivity - Studies find a relationship between weight/activity level and Type II - Seeing an increase in Type II diabetes in children

13. Type II Diabetes Mellitus  Race & Ethnicity - African Americans - Hispanic/Latino Americans - American Indians - Asian Americans - Pacific Islanders

14. Type II Prevention  If have risk factors, prevent or delay the onset of Type II… - Healthy diet - Moderately intense exercise (walking 2 1/2 hours each week)

15. Type II Treatment  Goal: Control blood sugar (glucose) - Glucose monitoring often - Oral medicine / Insulin injections - Diet - Exercise / Weight management - Follow up with doctor - Educate yourself!

16. Diet - Carb Counting  Carbohydrates raise blood glucose levels  Keep track of how many carbs you eat and set a limit for yourself  Limit depends on your activity level and medications  Talk to your doctor!

17. Diet - Create your plate  Divide plate into 3 sections - Large section - non-starch veggies (spinach, cabbage, mushrooms) - Small section - starch (potatoes, whole grain breads) - Small section - meat (turkey, tuna, lean pork)

18. Diet - Individualized  No one diet is appropriate for every diabetic person  Work with your doctor to come up with a diet that is right for your situation

19. Complications of Diabetes  Heart disease  Blindness  Kidney damage  Diabetic neuropathy / nerve damage  Prevent complications by managing your glucose level, diet, and activity!

20. Diabetes Awareness  November is American Diabetes Month  November 14 is World Diabetes Day For more information: www.cdc.gov www.diabetes.org www.ndep.nih.gov

21. Websites  http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/consu mer/index.htm  http://www.emedicinehealth.com/dia betes/article_em.htm#Diabetes%20O verview  http://www.diabetes.org/