1. Chapter 6, section 3

2.   1. How did Jefferson reduce the influence of government during his first term?  2. How did the Supreme Court gain the power of judicial review?  Identify the territory purchased from France with Jefferson’s authorization.  Explain why Jefferson outlawed trade with Great Britain and France in 1807. Section Objectives

3.   Jefferson’s expectations for Government:  Less intervention in peoples lives  Casual approach to office of President (title Mr. President)  Reduced taxes on citizens  Cut the size of bureaucracy and army  Kept Bank of the United States Jefferson’s Domestic Policies

4.   Very popular programs  Easily wins second term in 1804  Federalists party dwindling  Biggest rivals eliminated  Hamilton, Federalist leader, killed in duel with Burr  Burr never tried, continued to preside over the Senate, but lost popularity Jefferson’s Presidential Terms

5.   Constitution was vague about role of Judicial branch  Judiciary Act of 1789 and 1801 vaguely defined role of judges  Jefferson administration:  Federal judges not respecting the will of the people  Try to block actions of the court  Efforts fail  Case that established judicial review  Marbury v. Madison http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TVkeRUvX_U The Power of Judicial Review

6.   Adams appointed William Marbury justice of the peace for District of Columbia  James Madison (Sec. of State) never delivered his official commission  Under orders of Jefferson  Marbury sued Madison in Supreme Court  Never received commission  Marbury: court should make Madison give him the job  Judiciary Act of 1789 –Court can do this but………….. Marbury v.Madison

7.   Marshall ruled – it’s against the Constitution for the Supreme Court to give an order to the executive branch  So: Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional  First time federal court “had been so bold.”  This established the courts use of judicial review- federal courts review laws and if necessary declare them unconstitutional.  Very power tool in today’s judicial system Chief Justice John Marshall

8.   Early 1800’s Jefferson administration-expand into the trans-Appalachian West  Land Ordinance of 1785  Survey and sale of Native American land  Must be northwest of the Ohio River or Northwest Territory  Northwest Ordinance of 1787- territories in the west could become states Into the West

9.   Jefferson wanted to buy New Orleans to keep Mississippi River open to trade  French needed money, so sold all of Louisiana to the United States  Jefferson not sure if the purchase was Constitutional  Decided best for the country, urged Congress to approve funds and the sale  Vastly increased national debt, but doubled size of the United States The Louisiana Purchase

10.   First term, Europe at peace  However:  Couldn’t keep America out of foreign affairs  Too much trade back and forth to isolate the U.S.  Under Jay Treaty  U.S. traded with Great Britain  Expired in 1805  Europe back at war Jefferson’s Foreign Policy

11.   French warships harass American ships trading with Britain  British impress American sailors and attack U.S. ships  U.S.S. Chesapeake attacked by Leopard  British say they are looking for deserters from navy European Harrasment

12.   Jefferson administration outraged by British harassment  Congress passed Embargo of 1807 in response  Halting commerce/trade with Europe  Decided not to use military force  U.S. navy too small to attack  Decided economic sanctions enough  France and Britain unaffected by sanctions- economies too strong We’ve Had Enough!

13.   Most Americans hated embargo  New England merchants made living through trade  Smugglers defy embargo  Jefferson forced to use navy against smugglers; must enforce the law  Jefferson’s downfall in office was the embargo  Citizens: government must not interfere in their lives Americans Suffer for Jefferson’s Policies

14.   Jefferson left office  Was very unpopular at time of retirement  James Madison elected as President in 1808 Presidential Minute With James Madison - YouTube  Could not make peace with Great Britain (east) or Native Americans (west) This means war! To be continued……………….. After Jefferson’s Presidency