1. Geography Chapter 7 & 8 South America 7.1.1; 7.1.3; 7.1.4; 7.1.5 8.1.1; 8.3.3

2. South America Map Label Countries and Capitals Label Andes Mountains and color red. Label Amazon Basin and color green. Draw and label the Amazon River and color blue. Label the bodies of water that surround South America.

3. 7-1.1 Physical Geography

4. 1. As you read 190-191 give details about South Americas physical geography; A. High Mountains B. Large Basins C. Northern Grasslands D. Southern Plains

5. In South America, the Andes Mountains and Amazon River Basin are known for their extreme climates.

6. The Amazon Basin is the largest river basin in the world, it stretches nearly the entire width of South America, and

7. the climate is hot and humid over most of the Amazon River Basin. Diverse plant and animals.

8. The Andes Mountains stretch for many miles along the western side of South America.

9. Cold, with little rainfall best describes the climate found in the highest elevations of the Andes Mountains.

10. Mt. Aconcagua 22,837 Feet above Sea Level

11. Northern Grasslands have warm climates, both high and low elevations, and much vegetation. Unique plants and animals in the Guiana Highlands

12. The Southern Plains have a mild climate, low elevation, and Argentina’s Pampas is a grassy plain with rich soil.

13. 7-1.3 The Amazon River

14. 2. As you read 194-195 give details on the main idea “The Amazon supports life in its vast rain forest; A. B. C. D.

15. The Amazon River supports life in a vast rain forest.

16. The Amazon Basin includes the world’s largest tropical rain forest. A.A.

17. Smaller rivers that drain into a larger river are called tributaries.

18. Amazon River is the worlds largest in terms of volume and the second longest river in the world.

19. Rich nutrients deposited by floodwaters helps support biodiversity in the rain forest of the Amazon Basin. B

20. Melting snow contributes to the rich soils found in the lowland forests.

21. Thousands of plants and animal species and millions of insect’s species live there. C

22. Growing populations threatens rain forest lands. D

23. 3. As you read 196-197 compare and contrast the climates on the Pacific and Atlantic Coast of South America. West CoastEast Coast Oceans Countries Climate Currents What affect does El Nino have on South America’s western coast?

24. 7-1.4 Cold and Warm Currents

25. Rain Shadow a dry region on one side of a mountain.

26. Pacific Ocean Coast Peru, Chile, Columbia and Ecuador. Cool and Dry

27. Atlantic Coast Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina warm and humid, Brazil Falkland North Equatorial Currents.

28. The Atacama Desert was created by the Andes Mountains preventing moist winds from reaching the coast of Chile.

29. Atacama Desert

30. During an El Niño wind and ocean currents reverse their usual direction.

31. this can cause flooding that damages bridges, roads, crops, and homes.

32. 7-1.5 Rain Forest and Climate Change

33. 1. As you read 198-199 use the causes and effects chain to analyze how rain forest and transpiration affect the environment. Plants and trees release water vapor into the air. Trees and plants in the rainforest absorb greenhouse gases from the atmosphere.

34. Plants and trees release water vapor, during the process known as transpiration. Water vapor rises. Water vapor cools and forms clouds.

35. Warm moist soil make it easy to for many types of plants to grow.

36. Trees grow so high and thick that sometimes sunlight does not reach the forest floor. Canopy

37. Rain forest plants absorb greenhouse gases (gases that trap heat energy, causing the Earth to warm)

38. Burning fossil fuels produces greenhouse gases. In the process, rain forest plants help clean the air.

39. Rain forests are being destroyed. It is a challenge countries in both South America and Africa face.

40. Less greenhouse gas is removed from the air is one effect of deforestation in the Amazon rain forest.

41. Climate change is the gradual shift in Earth’s climate due to natural causes.

42. Global warming is the rapid warming of the Earth’s surface some scientists have observed over the last century.

43. Without trees in the rain forest, more greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide would be released into Earth’s atmosphere and increase surface temperatures. This in turn could destroy habitats and change ecosystems all over the world.

44. 8.1.1 Indigenous Cultures

45. 2. As you read pages 214-215 Complete the graphic organizer. Indigenous Cultures Based on what you read, why do you think there is a greater percentage of indigenous people in Bolivia and Peru that in other South American countries?

46. Aymara: live in the Andes and speak Aymara.

47. They herd llamas and aplacas, and grow potatoes and quinoa.

48. Quechua: Live in isolated villages in the Andes of Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia.

49. The Quechua practice a blend of Catholicism and native beliefs. Their traditions include weaving and speaking Quechua.

50. Guarani: Manu Paraguayans have both Guarani and Spanish ancestors. Guarani culture is represented in Paraguayan folk art and Guarani language.

51. Mandurukú: live in Brazil. Their ancestors farmed, hunted, and fished in the rain forest.

52. Today they sell latex, a forest product. Removing rubber tree Latex. Dipping bags and drying.

53. The percentage of indigenous people in Bolivia and Peru is probably greater because these countries have a mountainous physical geography where the indigenous population has been isolated but thriving for centuries

54. 8.3.3 Impact of the Olympics

55. 3. As you read pages 234-235, use the Prediction Chart to make predictions about the effect of the Olympics on Brazil’s economy and infrastructure. Question: Will brazil be able to maximize the economic and social impact of hosting the 2016 Olympics? Pros 1.Rio de Janeiro has experience with hosting international sports events 2. 3. 4. Cons 1. 2. 3. Prediction:

56. Will Brazil be able to maximize the economic and social impact of hosting the 2016 Olympics?

57. Rio de Janeiro has experience with hosting international sports events. Job creation, improved infrastructure (the basic systems that a society needs—roads, bridges, sewers), increased tourism revenue, and the city’s reputation are all at stake

58. To host the 2016 Olympics, Brazil’s government has to make many improvements. They have to tear down the often dangerous favelas (slum/shantytowns) surroundings the city and rebuild these neighborhoods.

60. Brazil will be motivated and able to overcome its challenges to make the necessary improvements in infrastructure to benefit from the Olympics

61. Something Extra The explosive population growth in San Paulo, Brazil, has contributed to overcrowding in slums. Creole describes a language that is a blend of two different languages.