1. AP European History Chapter 22 The Revolution in Energy & Industry

2. The Industrial Revolution in Britain 18 th Century Origins First → the expanding Atlantic economy Second → productivity of British farms Third → central bank / credit markets Fourth → large working class

3. The First Factories After 1760 – “putting-out” system shows limitations 1765 –James Hargreaves’ Spinning Jenny –Richard Arkwright – Water Frame These inventions produce explosion in cotton textile industry

4. Power LoomSpinning Mule

5. Cotton goods become cheaper & affordable Work now being done in factories –Brutal conditions – heavy reliance on women & children –New cotton mills mark the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in Britain

6. Early forms of Energy –Wood / Water / Man-power Steam Engine Breakthrough –Coal is abundant / but not efficient –James Watt’s steam engine changes this –Steam engine provides an unlimited power source Drained mines textile & other mills Iron industry

7. The Railroads 1830 → British introduced first railroad w/ steam powered locomotive Building railroads expanded demand for labor –More farm workers become urban laborers Increased travel possibilities changed society

11. Industry & Population 1851 – Crystal Palace – London –2/3 of world’s coal –½ of world’s iron & cotton cloth –20% of entire world’s output of industrial goods

12. As production of manufactured goods rose – so to did population 1780 – 1851 → GNP rises fourfold 1780 – 1851 → population goes from 9 million to 21 million Thomas Malthus –Essay on the Principle of Population David Ricardo –Iron Law of Wages

13. Relations Between Capital & Labor 1800s becomes “Golden Age” of the Middle-Class Class-Consciousness – emergence of conflicting classes & identity

14. The New Class of Factory Owners Early Factory Owners –Highly competitive –Tremendous opportunity to rise socially Skilled Ethnic / religious background New Factory Owners –Opportunities decline –More financially secure –Greater separation from their workers Transformation of Women

15. The New Factory Workers Early Criticisms (British) –luddites Did Working people suffer a great decline during the Industrial Revolution?Did Working people suffer a great decline during the Industrial Revolution? 1780 – 1850 –Wages increase, but work longer –Costly wars w/ France

16. Conditions of Work “Cottage work” v. “Factory work” –More disciplined –Less freedom –Longer hours Family Employment –See increase in child labor Factory Act of 1833 –Limits child