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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Nortel Networks Institute University of Waterloo
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO High Performance Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers: Enabling All-optical Circuits Simarjeet Singh Saini Nanophotonics and Integrated Optoelectronics Group University of Waterloo UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO
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Semiconductor Amplifiers and Lasers
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Outline Introduction SOA performance in DWDM systems Non-Uniform Current Distribution SOA as non-linear elements for Optical Logic Optical Header Recognition and Packet Routing Monolithic Integration Conclusion 4
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Introduction to SOAs SOA Chip Angled Facet Ridge or Buried Waveguide AR Coated (R < 10 -5 ) Typical Performance Specifications Gain: 10-20 dB Saturation Output Power (Psat): 9-12 dBm Noise Figure: 7-9 dB Polarization Dependent Gain (PDG): 1.0 dB Gain flatness: 3 dB
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SOA Applications WDM DEMUX WDM MUX
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SOA vs. EDFA SOA
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO 8-Channel DWDM Experiments
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO 8-Channel Spectrum FWM Signals
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO 10 Gbps Results
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO WDM Performance
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Different Active Regions Active RegionEngineeringGain, P sat Comments BulkVery EasyHigh, Low Have low saturation Power compared to the QW’s Most of the commercial SOA’s are Bulk Alternate compressive and tensile strain QW’s EasyHigh, Low Half the carriers are not used at one time; NF will be High Tensile Strained QW’s Difficult (get the right balance) High but at lower wavelengths (1.5 m), High Can be used for S-band; but not for C- and L-band δ-strained QW’sDifficultMedium, Medium Easy to grow and reproduce Distortions in carrier wavefunctions lead to reduced gain and saturation power Large transparency current increases NF
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO δ-Strained Concept
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SOA Results: PI
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SOA Results: Polarization Sensitive
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Non-uniform Current Distribution for Improved Device Performance
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Concept
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Approach
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Resistance Measurements
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Effect on Saturation Power Psat increases by 3.5 dB The linearity of the curve also improves
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Multi-contact Topology
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Performance Improvements
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Noise Figure Improvement
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SOAs as Non-linear Elements
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Non-linear Effects in SOA Cross Gain Modulation Cross Phase Modulation Four Wave Mixing Wavelength Conversion 2R/3R Regeneration Optical Logic: AND, NAND Optical Switching
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Packet Routing
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Address Recognition
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Sagnac Gate for Optical AND SOA
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Input Bits
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Logic Outputs
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Control Electronics
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Output from InGaAs Detector
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Integration and SOA driver
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Eye diagrams for Cascaded SOAs
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Packet Transmission All SOA’s turned on One out of 3 SOA’s off
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO PARC TM : A Platform for Monolithic Integration of Photonics Devices
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Approach
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Resonantly Coupled Tapers
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Basic PARC Platform
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Experimental Results
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO 3-dB Lossless Splitters
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO 3-dB Lossless Splitters
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO 2x2 Crosspoint Switches
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO 2x2 Crosspoint Switch
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UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Conclusion SOA performance continues to improve Higher saturation power extends linear operating range Minimal non-linear distortion/crosstalk for ave. output power < Psat – 6 dB SOA saturation power of 16 dBm with NF less than 6 dB demonstrated SOA can allow for all-optical logic Further Integration of SOA with photonic devices should allow for highly functional modules Future: Low cost application FTTH Coarse and D-WDM Ultra-fast optical signal processing and Integration
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