1. ECOLOGISM

2. Origins and development of ecologism Ecologism and green politics: can be traced back to ancient pagan traditions. has developed in the modern era a reaction to the process of industrialization. has been viewed since the 1970s as an ideology.

3. Principles of ecologism Ecologism is unlike other ideologies, in that it does not believe human beings to be the centrepiece of the universe. It principally values: Ecology Holism Sustainability Environmental ethics From having to being

4. Nature and politics Conventional politics are criticised by some deep ecologists as merely different versions of anthropocentrism. Other ecologists have however taken inspiration from conventional political thinking. Ecologism, like nationalism and feminism is a cross-cutting ideology.

5. Modernist ecology Social ecology ⁻Ecosocialism ⁻Eco-anarchism ⁻Ecofeminism Deep ecology Nature and politics

6. The environment is often viewed as the archetypal global issue. Meaningful progress can only be made at an international level. Global cooperation is very hard to organize. The developing world is unfairly hit by both climate change and regulations. Ecologism in the global age