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CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE faculty of mathematics and physics Principles of Computers 12 th Lecture Pavel Ježek, Ph.D.

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Presentation on theme: "CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE faculty of mathematics and physics Principles of Computers 12 th Lecture Pavel Ježek, Ph.D."— Presentation transcript:

1 CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE http://d3s.mff.cuni.cz/~jezek faculty of mathematics and physics Principles of Computers 12 th Lecture Pavel Ježek, Ph.D. pavel.jezek@d3s.mff.cuni.cz

2 Examples of CPU Architectures CPU arch. CPU nameData widthLogical address width Current instruction register(s) Physical address width Special mode 8-bit 6502 MOS 65028-bit data16-bit PC 16-bit (64 kB) 16-bit x86-16 x86 Intel 80888-bit data16 + 16 bit CS:IP 20-bit (1 MB) Intel 808616-bit data Intel 8028616-bit data16 + 16 bit CS:IP 24-bit (16 MB) protected 16 (+ real) mode 32-bit x86 IA-32 INTEL32 Intel 8038632-bit data32-bit EIP 32-bit (4 GB) protected 32 mode Intel Pentium Pro64-bit data32-bit EIP 36-bit (64 GB) PAE 64-bit x64 x86-64 AMD64 INTEL64 EM64T AMD Opteron (Intel Pentium 4) 64-bit data64-bit RIP 40-bit (1 TB) long mode 2015 current (e.g. Core i7) 64-bit data64-bit RIP AMD: 48b → 256 TB Intel: 46b → 64 TB

3 Examples of CPU Architectures CPU arch. CPU nameData widthLogical address width Current instruction register(s) Physical address width Special modeStack top 8-bit 6502 MOS 65028-bit data16-bit PC 16-bit (64 kB) 01 S 16-bit x86-16 x86 Intel 80888-bit data16 + 16 bit CS:IP 20-bit (1 MB) SS:SP Intel 808616-bit data Intel 8028616-bit data16 + 16 bit CS:IP 24-bit (16 MB) protected 16 (+ real) mode SS:SP 32-bit x86 IA-32 INTEL32 Intel 8038632-bit data32-bit EIP 32-bit (4 GB) protected 32 mode ESP Intel Pentium Pro64-bit data32-bit EIP 36-bit (64 GB) PAE ESP 64-bit x64 x86-64 AMD64 INTEL64 EM64T AMD Opteron (Intel Pentium 4) 64-bit data64-bit RIP 40-bit (1 TB) long mode RSP 2015 current (e.g. Core i7) 64-bit data64-bit RIP AMD: 48b → 256 TB Intel: 46b → 64 TB RSP

4 Push Variants on x86 (IA-32) Machine codeIntel assemblerComment 68 xx xx xx xxPUSH xxxxxxxxh (or PUSH DWORD PTR xxxxxxxxh ) push 32-bits of x ( x = immediate) 66 68 xx xxPUSH xxxxh (or PUSH WORD PTR xxxxh ) push 16-bits of x

5 Push Variants on x86 (IA-32) Machine codeIntel assemblerComment 68 xx xx xx xxPUSH xxxxxxxxh (or PUSH DWORD PTR xxxxxxxxh ) push 32-bits of x ( x = immediate) 66 68 xx xxPUSH xxxxh (or PUSH WORD PTR xxxxh ) push 16-bits of x FF 35 xx xx xx xxPUSH [xxxxxxxxh] (or PUSH DWORD PTR [xxxxxxxxh] ) push 32-bits from address x ( x = absolute address) 66 FF 35 xx xx xx xxPUSH WORD PTR xxxxxxxxh push 16-bits from address x

6 Push and Pop Variants on x86 (IA-32) Machine codeIntel assemblerComment 68 xx xx xx xxPUSH xxxxxxxxh (or PUSH DWORD PTR xxxxxxxxh ) push 32-bits of x ( x = immediate) 66 68 xx xxPUSH xxxxh (or PUSH WORD PTR xxxxh ) push 16-bits of x FF 35 xx xx xx xxPUSH [xxxxxxxxh] (or PUSH DWORD PTR [xxxxxxxxh] ) push 32-bits from address x ( x = absolute address) 66 FF 35 xx xx xx xxPUSH WORD PTR xxxxxxxxh push 16-bits from address x 8F 05 xx xx xx xxPOP [xxxxxxxxh] (or POP DWORD PTR [xxxxxxxxh] ) pop 32-bits and save them to address x ( x = absolute address) 66 8F 05 xx xx xx xxPOP WORD PTR [xxxxxxxxh] pop 16-bits and save them to address x

7 ... 00 $00007A08 00 (00) 00 (20) 00 (00)$00007A04 00 $00007A02 00 $00007A00 B... $00002100 A... $00002000 C2 00 0D F5 JMPE9$00001306 00 7A 04 JMP indir 25 FF$00001300 C1... $00001000... variable j variable ptr padding variable i procedure P2 procedure P1 main program program PascalProgram; type PProc = procedure; procedure P1; begin α end; jmp back procedure P2; begin β end; jmp back var i : word; ptr : PProc; j : word; begin γ 1 ptr := @P1; ptr; P2; γ 2 end. A B C1 C2 $00002100 ← $00002100 – ($001306 + 5) = $00002100 – $0000130B = $00000DF5 E9 = relative jump $00007A04

8 ... 00 $00007A08 00 (00) 00 (20) 00 (00)$00007A04 00 $00007A02 00 $00007A00 B C3... $00002100 A C3... $00002000 C2 00 0D F5 CALLE8$00001306 00 7A 04 CALL indir 15 FF$00001300 C1... $00001000... variable j variable ptr padding variable i procedure P2 procedure P1 main program program PascalProgram; type PProc = procedure; procedure P1; begin α end; jmp back = ret procedure P2; begin β end; jmp back = ret var i : word; ptr : PProc; j : word; begin γ 1 ptr := @P1; ptr; P2; γ 2 end. A B C1 C2 $00002100 ← $00002100 – ($001306 + 5) = $00002100 – $0000130B = $00000DF5 E8 = relative call ( E9 = relative jump) $00007A04 FF 15 = indirect call ( FF 25 = indirect jump)

9 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); begin... P1($AABB, $11223344);... end; begin... P1(5, 7);... end.... ?? SP →??$0000101A ??...

10 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); $0A50:... push 11223344h push AABBh call 00000A50h... ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: nop... end.... ?? SP →??$0000101A ??... ← IP P1($AABB, $11223344); P1(5, 7);

11 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); $0A50:... push 11223344h push AABBh call 00000A50h... ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 SP →07$00001016 ??... ← IP procedure argument b

12 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); $0A50:... push 11223344h push AABBh call 00000A50h... ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 SP →07$00001016 ??... ← IP procedure argument b

13 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); $0A50:... push 11223344h push AABBh call 00000A50h... ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 07$00001016 00 SP →05$00001014 ??... ← IP procedure argument b procedure argument a

14 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); $0A50:... push 11223344h push AABBh call 00000A50h... ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 07$00001016 00 SP →05$00001014 ??... ← IP procedure argument b procedure argument a

15 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); $0A50:... push 11223344h push AABBh call 00000A50h... ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 07$00001016 00 05$00001014 00 09 SP →05$00001010 ??... ← IP procedure argument b procedure argument a return address from procedure P1 to main program

16 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); $0A50:... push 11223344h push AABBh call 00000A50h... ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 07$00001016 00 05$00001014 00 09 SP →05$00001010 ??... ← IP procedure argument b procedure argument a return address from procedure P1 to main program

17 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); $0A50:... push 11223344h push AABBh call 00000A50h... ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 07$00001016 00 05$00001014 00 09 SP →05$00001010 ??... ← IP procedure argument b procedure argument a return address from procedure P1 to main program

18 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); $0A50:... push 11223344h push AABBh call 00000A50h... ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 07$00001016 00 05$00001014 00 09 05$00001010 11 22 33 SP →44$0000100C ??... ← IP procedure argument b procedure argument a return address from procedure P1 to main program procedure argument b

19 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); $0A50:... push 11223344h push AABBh call 00000A50h... ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 07$00001016 00 05$00001014 00 09 05$00001010 11 22 33 SP →44$0000100C ??... ← IP procedure argument b procedure argument a return address from procedure P1 to main program procedure argument b

20 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); $0A50:... push 11223344h push AABBh call 00000A50h... ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 07$00001016 00 05$00001014 00 09 05$00001010 11 22 33 44$0000100C AA SP →BB$0000100A ??... ← IP procedure argument b procedure argument a return address from procedure P1 to main program procedure argument b procedure argument a

21 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); $0A50:... push 11223344h push AABBh call 00000A50h $0A70:... ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 07$00001016 00 05$00001014 00 09 05$00001010 11 22 33 44$0000100C AA SP →BB$0000100A ??... ← IP procedure argument b procedure argument a return address from procedure P1 to main program procedure argument b procedure argument a

22 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); $0A50:... push 11223344h push AABBh call 00000A50h $0A70:... ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 07$00001016 00 05$00001014 00 09 05$00001010 11 22 33 44$0000100C AA BB$0000100A 00 0A SP →70$00001006 ??... ← IP procedure argument b procedure argument a return address from procedure P1 to main program procedure argument b procedure argument a return address from procedure P1 to procedure P1

23 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); $0A50:... push 11223344h push AABBh call 00000A50h $0A70:... ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 07$00001016 00 05$00001014 00 09 05$00001010 11 22 33 44$0000100C AA BB$0000100A 00 0A SP →70$00001006 ??... ← IP procedure argument b procedure argument a return address from procedure P1 to main program procedure argument b procedure argument a return address from procedure P1 to procedure P1

24 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); $0A50:... push 11223344h push AABBh call 00000A50h $0A70:... ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 07$00001016 00 05$00001014 00 09 05$00001010 11 22 33 44$0000100C AA BB$0000100A 00 0A SP →70$00001006 ??... ← IP will be used as return address ( ← IP) procedure argument b procedure argument a return address from procedure P1 to main program procedure argument b procedure argument a return address from procedure P1 to procedure P1

25 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); $0A50:... push 11223344h push AABBh call 00000A50h $0A70:... ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 07$00001016 00 05$00001014 00 09 05$00001010 11 22 33 44$0000100C AA SP →BB$0000100A 00 0A 70$00001006 ??... ← IP procedure argument b procedure argument a return address from procedure P1 to main program procedure argument b procedure argument a

26 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); $0A50:... push 11223344h push AABBh call 00000A50h $0A70:... ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 07$00001016 00 05$00001014 00 09 05$00001010 11 22 33 44$0000100C AA SP →BB$0000100A 00 0A 70$00001006 ??... ← IP will be used as return address ( ← IP) procedure argument b procedure argument a return address from procedure P1 to main program procedure argument b procedure argument a

27 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); $0A50:... push 11223344h push AABBh call 00000A50h $0A70:... ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 07$00001016 00 05$00001014 00 09 05$00001010 11 SP →22 33 44$0000100C AA BB$0000100A 00 0A 70$00001006 ??... ← IP used as return address ( ← IP) correct return address procedure argument b procedure argument a return address from procedure P1 to main program procedure argument b procedure argument a

28 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); $0A50:... push 11223344h push AABBh call 00000A50h SP := SP + (4+2) $0A70:... ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: SP := SP + (4+2) nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 07$00001016 00 05$00001014 00 09 05$00001010 11 22 33 44$0000100C AA SP →BB$0000100A 00 0A 70$00001006 ??... ← IP procedure argument b procedure argument a return address from procedure P1 to main program procedure argument b procedure argument a

29 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); $0A50:... push 11223344h push AABBh call 00000A50h SP := SP + (4+2) $0A70:... ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: SP := SP + (4+2) nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 07$00001016 00 05$00001014 00 09 SP →05$00001010 11 22 33 44$0000100C AA BB$0000100A 00 0A 70$00001006 ??... ← IP procedure argument b procedure argument a return address from procedure P1 to main program

30 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); $0A50:... push 11223344h push AABBh call 00000A50h SP := SP + (4+2) $0A70:... ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: SP := SP + (4+2) nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 07$00001016 00 05$00001014 00 09 SP →05$00001010 11 22 33 44$0000100C AA BB$0000100A 00 0A 70$00001006 ??... ← IP will be used as return address ( ← IP) procedure argument b procedure argument a return address from procedure P1 to main program

31 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); $0A50:... push 11223344h push AABBh call 00000A50h SP := SP + (4+2) $0A70:... ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: SP := SP + (4+2) nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 07$00001016 00 SP →05$00001014 00 09 05$00001010 11 22 33 44$0000100C AA BB$0000100A 00 0A 70$00001006 ??... ← IP procedure argument b procedure argument a

32 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); $0A50:... push 11223344h push AABBh call 00000A50h SP := SP + (4+2) $0A70:... ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: SP := SP + (4+2) nop... end.... ?? SP →??$0000101A 00 07$00001016 00 05$00001014 00 09 05$00001010 11 22 33 44$0000100C AA BB$0000100A 00 0A 70$00001006 ??... ← IP

33 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); $0A50:... push 11223344h push AABBh call 00000A50h SP := SP + (4+2) $0A70:... ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: SP := SP + (4+2) nop... end.... ?? SP →??$0000101A 00 07$00001016 00 05$00001014 00 09 05$00001010 11 22 33 44$0000100C AA BB$0000100A 00 0A 70$00001006 ??... ← IP

34 ... ?? $0000101A 00 07$00001016 00 05$00001014 00 09 SP →05$00001010 ??... procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); $0A50:...... ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: SP := SP + (4+2) nop... end. ← IP procedure argument b procedure argument a return address from procedure P1 to main program

35 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); $0A50:...... ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: SP := SP + (4+2) nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 SP + 607$00001016 00 SP + 405$00001014 00 09 SP →05$00001010 ??... ← IP procedure argument b procedure argument a return address from procedure P1 to main program

36 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); var loc1, loc2 : word; $0A50:...... ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: SP := SP + (4+2) nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 SP + 607$00001016 00 SP + 405$00001014 00 09 SP →05$00001010 ??... ← IP procedure argument b procedure argument a return address from procedure P1 to main program

37 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); var loc1, loc2 : word; $0A50: SP := SP – (2+2)... ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: SP := SP + (4+2) nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 SP + 1007$00001016 00 SP + 805$00001014 00 09 05$00001010 ?? SP + 2??$0000100E ?? SP →??$0000100C ??... ← IP procedure argument b procedure argument a return address from procedure P1 to main program local variable loc1 local variable loc2

38 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); var loc1, loc2 : word; $0A50: SP := SP – (2+2)... ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: SP := SP + (4+2) nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 SP + 1007$00001016 00 SP + 805$00001014 00 09 05$00001010 xx SP + 2xx$0000100E xx SP →Xx$0000100C ??... ← IP will be used as return address ( ← IP) procedure argument b procedure argument a return address from procedure P1 to main program local variable loc1 local variable loc2

39 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); var loc1, loc2 : word; $0A50: SP := SP – (2+2)... SP := SP + (2+2) ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: SP := SP + (4+2) nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 SP + 1007$00001016 00 SP + 805$00001014 00 09 05$00001010 xx SP + 2xx$0000100E xx SP →xx$0000100C ??... ← IP procedure argument b procedure argument a return address from procedure P1 to main program local variable loc1 local variable loc2

40 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); var loc1, loc2 : word; $0A50: SP := SP – (2+2)... SP := SP + (2+2) ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: SP := SP + (4+2) nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 SP + 607$00001016 00 SP + 405$00001014 00 09 SP →05$00001010 xx $0000100E xx $0000100C ??... ← IP will be used as return address ( ← IP) procedure argument b procedure argument a return address from procedure P1 to main program

41 procedure P1(a : word; b : longword); var loc1, loc2 : word; $0A50: SP := SP – (2+2)... SP := SP + (2+2) ret begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: SP := SP + (4+2) nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 SP + 607$00001016 00 SP + 405$00001014 00 09 05$00001010 xx SP + 2xx$0000100E xx SP →xx$0000100C ??... procedure argument b procedure argument a return address from procedure P1 to main program procedure prolog procedure body procedure epilog local variable loc1 local variable loc2

42 function F1(a : word; b : longword ) : word; var loc1, loc2 : word; $0A50: SP := SP – (2+2)... SP := SP + (2+2) ret var x : word; begin... push 00000007h push 0005h $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: ($00000B00)^ := ? SP := SP + (4+2) nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 SP + 1007$00001016 00 SP + 805$00001014 00 09 05$00001010 ?? SP + 2??$0000100E ?? SP →??$0000100C ??... ?? $00000B00... ← IP procedure argument b procedure argument a return address from procedure P1 to main program local variable loc1 local variable loc2 x := F1(5, 7); global variable x begin... end;

43 function F1(a : word; b : longword ) : word; var loc1, loc2 : word; $0A50: SP := SP – (2+2)... SP := SP + (2+2) ret var x : word; begin... push 00000007h push 0005h SP := SP - 2 $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: ($00000B00)^ := ? SP := SP + (4+2+2) nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 SP + 1207$00001016 00 SP + 1005$00001014 ?? SP + 8??$00001012 00 09 05$0000100E ?? SP + 2??$0000100C ?? SP →??$0000100A ??... ?? $00000B00... procedure argument b procedure argument a return address from procedure P1 to main program local variable loc1 local variable loc2 reserved space for return value global variable x x := F1(5, 7); ← IP begin... end;

44 function F1(a : word; b : longword ) : word; var loc1, loc2 : word; $0A50: SP := SP – (2+2)... (SP + 8)^ := retval SP := SP + (2+2) ret var x : word; begin... push 00000007h push 0005h SP := SP - 2 $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: ($00000B00)^ := ? SP := SP + (4+2+2) nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 SP + 1207$00001016 00 SP + 1005$00001014 ?? SP + 8??$00001012 00 09 05$0000100E ?? SP + 2??$0000100C ?? SP →??$0000100A ??... ?? $00000B00... procedure argument b procedure argument a return address from procedure P1 to main program local variable loc1 local variable loc2 reserved space for return value global variable x begin... F1 := retval; end; x := F1(5, 7);

45 function F1(a : word; b : longword ) : word; var loc1, loc2 : word; $0A50: SP := SP – (2+2)... (SP + 8)^ := retval SP := SP + (2+2) ret var x : word; begin... push 00000007h push 0005h SP := SP - 2 $0900: call 00000A50h $0905: (^word($00000B00))^ := SP^ SP := SP + (4+2+2) nop... end.... ?? $0000101A 00 SP + 407$00001016 00 SP + 205$00001014 ?? SP →??$00001012 00 09 05$0000100E ?? $0000100C ?? $0000100A ??... ?? $00000B00... procedure argument b procedure argument a reserved space for return value global variable x x := F1(5, 7); ← IP

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