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Lecture 2: Improving Transit Service Through Planning, Design, and Operations This lecture was originally prepared by Dr. Kari Watkins, Georgia Institute.

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Presentation on theme: "Lecture 2: Improving Transit Service Through Planning, Design, and Operations This lecture was originally prepared by Dr. Kari Watkins, Georgia Institute."— Presentation transcript:

1 Lecture 2: Improving Transit Service Through Planning, Design, and Operations This lecture was originally prepared by Dr. Kari Watkins, Georgia Institute of Technology; Dr. Jeff LaMondia, Auburn University; and Candace Brakewood, Georgia Institute of Technology as part of the STRIDE project Developing a New Course for Public Transportation Education (2012-029S).

2 Transit Planning, Design & Operations Module Outline o Modal Classification o Benefits of Public Transportation o Transit System Design and Operations o Context-specific Transit Choices

3 Transit Planning, Design & Operations Last Discussion Full range of public transit modes – Street Transit – Semi-rapid Transit – Rapid Transit – Specialized Transit Transit addresses many transportation issues – Congestion – Environmental problems – Equity – Safety – More

4 Transit Planning, Design & Operations Public transit’s ability to address these issues is limited by proper planning, design and operations.

5 Transit Planning, Design & Operations 7 Demands of Useful Service Adapted from Walker (2012) It takes me where I want to go. It takes me when I want to go. It is a good use of my time. It is a good use of my money. It respects me. I can trust it. It gives me freedom (to change my plans). Elements of Good Transit Service

6 Transit Planning, Design & Operations 7 Demands of Useful Service How Transit Services Them Adapted from Walker (2012) It takes me where I want to go. It takes me when I want to go. It is a good use of my time. It is a good use of my money. It respects me. I can trust it. It gives me freedom (to change my plans). Stops/ Stations Connectivity FrequencySpan Speed or Delay Fares CivilityReliability Simplicity /Presentation Elements of Good Transit Service

7 Transit Planning, Design & Operations 7 Demands of Useful Service How Transit Services Them Adapted from Walker (2012) It takes me where I want to go. It takes me when I want to go. It is a good use of my time. It is a good use of my money. It respects me. I can trust it. It gives me freedom (to change my plans). Stops/ Stations Connectivity FrequencySpan Speed or Delay Fares CivilityReliability Simplicity /Presentation Elements of Good Transit Service

8 Transit Planning, Design & Operations Express Rapid Local It takes me where I want to go. Service

9 Transit Planning, Design & Operations Impact of Street Network It takes me where I want to go.

10 Transit Planning, Design & Operations It takes me where I want to go. Impact of Street Network

11 Transit Planning, Design & Operations Impact of Street Network It takes me where I want to go.

12 Transit Planning, Design & Operations 7 Demands of Useful Service How Transit Services Them Adapted from Walker (2012) It takes me where I want to go. It takes me when I want to go. It is a good use of my time. It is a good use of my money. It respects me. I can trust it. It gives me freedom (to change my plans). Stops/ Stations Connectivity FrequencySpan Speed or Delay Fares CivilityReliability Simplicity /Presentation Elements of Good Transit Service

13 Transit Planning, Design & Operations Frequency is the number of transit vehicles in a given period of time. Headway is the measurement of time between transit vehicles. Frequency generally divided into 2 categories:  High Frequency Service: Headways less than 10 minutes  Low Frequency Service: Headways greater than 10 minutes Headway = 1 Frequency It takes me when I want to go. Frequency

14 Transit Planning, Design & Operations Frequency is important because it determines waiting times. Wait time for high frequency transit is, on average, half of the headway. Wait Time = Headway 2 Frequency & Wait Time It takes me when I want to go.

15 Transit Planning, Design & Operations It takes me when I want to go. Simple City

16 Transit Planning, Design & Operations It takes me when I want to go. Simple City

17 Transit Planning, Design & Operations It takes me when I want to go. Simple City

18 Transit Planning, Design & Operations It takes me when I want to go. Direct Service Option

19 Transit Planning, Design & Operations It takes me when I want to go. Connective Option

20 Transit Planning, Design & Operations Span is the length of time that transit service runs. Spans can be all day or can have peaks. It takes me when I want to go. Span

21 Transit Planning, Design & Operations 7 Demands of Useful Service How Transit Services Them Adapted from Walker (2012) It takes me where I want to go. It takes me when I want to go. It is a good use of my time. It is a good use of my money. It respects me. I can trust it. It gives me freedom (to change my plans). Stops/ Stations Connectivity FrequencySpan Speed or Delay Fares CivilityReliability Simplicity /Presentation Elements of Good Transit Service

22 Transit Planning, Design & Operations The speed of transit service determines its travel time Transit Priority – Prioritize personal mobility versus vehicle mobility – Ensure speed and reliability for transit It is a good use of my time. Speed and Delay

23 Transit Planning, Design & Operations ROW C Mixed Traffic ROW B Physically Separated ROW A Fully controlled Street TransitSemi-rapid TransitRapid Transit Faster More Capital Cost Right-of-way It is a good use of my time.

24 Transit Planning, Design & Operations It is a good use of my time. Right-of-way

25 Transit Planning, Design & Operations 7 Demands of Useful Service How Transit Services Them Adapted from Walker (2012) It takes me where I want to go. It takes me when I want to go. It is a good use of my time. It is a good use of my money. It respects me. I can trust it. It gives me freedom (to change my plans). Stops/ Stations Connectivity FrequencySpan Speed or Delay Fares CivilityReliability Simplicity /Presentation Elements of Good Transit Service

26 Transit Planning, Design & Operations Typical farebox recovery ~ 35% Other funds are local, state and federal subsidies ALL transportation is subsidized Some of these subsidies are hidden – “Free” parking – Public health impacts – Pollution – Oil dependence It is a good use of my money. Fares

27 Transit Planning, Design & Operations 7 Demands of Useful Service How Transit Services Them Adapted from Walker (2012) It takes me where I want to go. It takes me when I want to go. It is a good use of my time. It is a good use of my money. It respects me. I can trust it. It gives me freedom (to change my plans). Stops/ Stations Connectivity FrequencySpan Speed or Delay Fares CivilityReliability Simplicity /Presentation Elements of Good Transit Service

28 Transit Planning, Design & Operations How do you perceive transit? Why should transit be perceived as cool? How do we make transit cool like this video? It respects me. Civility

29 Transit Planning, Design & Operations 7 Demands of Useful Service How Transit Services Them Adapted from Walker (2012) It takes me where I want to go. It takes me when I want to go. It is a good use of my time. It is a good use of my money. It respects me. I can trust it. It gives me freedom (to change my plans). Stops/ Stations Connectivity FrequencySpan Speed or Delay Fares CivilityReliability Simplicity /Presentation Elements of Good Transit Service

30 Transit Planning, Design & Operations Reliability = adherence to a published schedule Predictability = consistent operation Bus Bunching = 2+ vehicles directly behind one another, not evenly spaced along the route I can trust it. Reliability

31 Transit Planning, Design & Operations 7 Demands of Useful Service How Transit Services Them Adapted from Walker (2012) It takes me where I want to go. It takes me when I want to go. It is a good use of my time. It is a good use of my money. It respects me. I can trust it. It gives me freedom (to change my plans). Stops/ Stations Connectivity FrequencySpan Speed or Delay Fares CivilityReliability Simplicity /Presentation Elements of Good Transit Service

32 Transit Planning, Design & Operations Schedule Paper SchedulesDigitizationInteractivity 10 9:36 It gives me freedom Information

33 Transit Planning, Design & Operations Information

34 Transit Planning, Design & Operations Summary In an urban environment, we simply do not have enough space to travel individually in cars. Many different technologies exist, but technology should be the last decision not the first. Proper planning, design and operations are necessary.

35 Transit Planning, Design & Operations Summary The street network has to be properly designed. Transit must be given the highest possible ROW category to ensure personal mobility rather than vehicular mobility. Information must be presented to take advantage of new technology.

36 Transit Planning, Design & Operations 7 Demands of Useful Service How Transit Services Them Adapted from Walker (2012) It takes me where I want to go. It takes me when I want to go. It is a good use of my time. It is a good use of my money. It respects me. I can trust it. It gives me freedom (to change my plans). Stops/ Stations Connectivity FrequencySpan Speed or Delay Fares CivilityReliability Simplicity /Presentation Elements of Good Transit Service

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