1. Marketing Special Inspection Services C ouncil of A merican S tructural E ngineers “... improving the quality of structural engineering through improved quality of service and improved business practices.”

2. Jim DeStefano, P.E. DeStefano Associates – Structural Engineers Fairfield, Connecticut CASE Special Inspections Committee (Chairman) SEC-CT Special Inspections Committee (Chairman) NCSEA Code Advisory Committee - Special Inspections & Quality Assurance

3. www.acec.org/ about/case- committees.cf m#si

4. In July 1981, two walkways collapsed at the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Kansas City, MO. 114 people were killed and more than 200 injured.

5. Background The structural engineer of record is often not present on the job site during the construction of principal structural components. The absence of the structural engineer has permitted flaws and changes on site to go unnoticed and uncorrected. Structural Failures in Public Facilities, House Report 98-621

6. Position Statement The on-site presence of the SER through Special Inspections is the best means to protect the public and improve quality The SER should serve as the Special Inspector wherever possible and practical

7. A Brief History 1927UBC created and included inspections 1961UBC Special Inspection inception 1988 BOCA included Special Inspections 2000 IBC expanded requirements 2003 NFPA 5000 expands SER’s role

8. Testing:The analysis of materials in accordance with approved standards to determine compliance with the contract documents. Inspection:The evaluation of materials and workmanship based on the application of engineering judgment.

9. Registered Design Professional (RDP) in Responsible Charge Architect of Record Structural Engineer of Record (SER) MEP Engineer Geotechnical Engineer

10. Structural Engineer’s Role – Basic Services Prepare the Statement of Special Inspections for structural building systems. Review inspection and testing reports.

11. Role of the SER as Special Inspector Perform inspections. Manage and coordinate testing and other inspection agencies. Collect and transmit to BO inspection and testing reports Prepare the Final Report of Special Inspections.

12. When the Engineer performs Special Inspections, it can result in a dramatic improvement in the quality of construction

13. Fees Fees for Special Inspection services are on an hourly rate basis. Contract for SI services is direct with the Owner, not through the Architect. Total SI fee often exceeds Basic Services fee.

14. Testing Laboratories Select testing labs based on qualifications and honesty, not low price Don’t have the Contractor hire the testing lab Don’t let testing technicians do inspections

15. Statement of Special Inspections Prepared by RDP Authorized by Owner Approved by Building Official

16. Final Report of Special Inspections Prepared by Special Inspector & Special Inspection Agencies

17. Qualifications Engineering training and experience ICC Certifications ACI, AWS, NICET and ASNT certification programs

18. International Code Council (ICC formerly ICBO) Reinforced Concrete Special Inspector Prestressed Concrete Special Inspector Structural Masonry Special Inspector Structural Steel & Welding Special Inspector Spray-Applied Fireproofing Special Inspector

19. American Concrete Institute (ACI) Concrete Field Testing Technician Grade 1 Concrete Construction Inspector Concrete Strength Testing Technician Concrete Laboratory Testing Technician Grade 1 & 2

20. National Institute for Certification in Engineering Technologies (NICET) Concrete Technician Levels I, II, III & IV Soils Technician Levels I, II, III & IV Geotechnical Engineering Technician Levels I,II,III & IV

21. American Welding Society (AWS) Certified Welding Inspector (CWI) AWS/AISC Structural Steel Inspector (under development)

22. American Society of Nondestructive Testing (ASNT) ASNT level II & III

23. It is a conflict of interest for the Contractor to hire the inspector and testing laboratory The Owner, not the GC, must retain and pay for Special Inspections

24. IBC Chapter 17 1704 Special Inspections 1705 Quality Assurance for Seismic Resistance 1706 Quality Assurance for Wind Requirements 1707 Special Inspections for Seismic Resistance 1708 Structural Testing for Seismic Resistance 1709 Structural Observation

25. Special Inspections are required on all buildings except 1 and 2 family residences Work of a minor nature Building projects not requiring the practice of Architecture or Professional Engineering

26. Structural Building Systems requiring Special Inspection Foundations & Earthwork Concrete (Cast-in-Place & Precast) Structural Steel Masonry Wood Light Gage Metal (MA only)

27. Architectural Building Systems requiring Special Inspections Spray fireproofing EIFS

28. Mechanical Building Systems requiring Special Inspections Smoke Control systems Emergency or Standby Power Piping – flammable or toxic Ductwork – Hazardous Materials

29. Quality Assurance for Seismic Resistance Seismic Design Categories C,D, E or F

30. Quality Assurance for Wind Requirements 120 mph Wind Speed (exposure A & B) 110 mph Wind Speed (exposure C & D)

31. Quality Assurance Plan Required for high seismic zones Required for high wind zones Quality Assurance Plan by RDP Statement of Responsibility is prepared by the contractor

32. Structural Observation By SER Required for high seismic or wind, tall buildings (>75’).

33. Soils & Foundations Controlled Fill Pile Foundations Pier Foundations

34. Cast-in-Place Concrete Reinforcing Steel Concrete Placement Mix Design Anchor Bolts Curing & Protection Test strength, slump, air-content & temperature

35. Precast Concrete Plant Inspection Erection Inspection

36. Masonry Level 2 – Engineered masonry in essential facilities Level 1 – Everything else

37. Masonry Mixing of mortar Placement of units Reinforcing steel Grouting Anchors and Ties Protection Test mortar, grout, prisms

38. Structural Steel Welding High-Strength Bolting Details Material Certifications

39. Wood Construction Fabricated structural elements Seismic resisting elements

40. Spray Fireproofing UL Design Surface condition Application Thickness Bond / Adhesion Density

41. Selling Your Services Pitch your services to the Owner Sometimes you have to get around the Architect Soft sell your services

42. Competing with Testing Labs Level the playing field – specify appropriate credentials for inspections tasks Testing labs often charge on a half day basis

43. Liability Risk - Reality If something goes wrong, everybody involved with the project is held liable. There is nothing that reduces your liability exposure more than performing thorough inspections during construction.

44. Performing Inspections of Somebody Else’s Project Necessary when the SER is not located in close proximity to the site. Don’t compete with colleagues. You can assume liability for design errors.

45. Employee Training Engineers require special training prior to visiting a construction site Instruction on how to talk to a contractor Instruction on guarding their own safety

46. Protective Equipment

47. Local SEA’s Must Get Involved Special Inspections are not enforced in many jurisdictions Building Officials need to be educated

48. Win - Win The structural engineer that designs a project is the best qualified to inspect its construction. Experience performing inspections makes engineers better designers.

49. Thank You Questions? Comments