1. Corse Overview Miodrag Bolic ELG7187 Topics in Computers: Multiprocessor Systems on Chip

2. Topics covered Performance metrics Interconnection networks Cache coherence Synchronization and memory consistency Multithreading

3. Performance metrics Speedup Amhdal’s law Gustafdon’s law Scalable computing Benchmarks Performance counters and their implementation

4. Interconnection networks Interconnection topologies – Definition of degree, diameter, bandwidth, channel load, traffic pattern – Different topologies – Multicore topics: topology customization, iregular topologies, concentration

5. Interconnection networks Routing – Deterministic, adaptive, oblivious Flow control – Switching and packet networks – Store and forward, virtual cut through, wormhole – Virtual channels – Flow control Credit based On-off control

6. Interconnection networks Router micro-architecture – Architecture of the router – Router pipeline – Lookahead routing and bypassing – Buffer organization – Crossbar implementation – Arbiters and allocators

7. Cache coherence Snooping algorithms – MSI, MESI – Reading Implementation of snooping protocols – Organization of the cache controller – Cache controller for split-transaction buses

8. Cache coherence Directory-based cache coherence – Types of directories Directory implementation in multicores – MSI directory protocol – Coherence Bandwidth Requirements – Issues with private and shared L2 caches

9. Synchronization Implementation of locks Implementation of barrier Problems including serialization, deadlock, livelock and starvation Implementation of locks and barriers for distributed memory systems Transactional memory – Software and hardware transactional memory – Jonathan’s scribing and report

10. Memory consistency models Models Sequential Consistency Relaxed Memory Models Eager and lazy implementations of relaxed consistency

11. Applications – embedded multicores Hardware Perspective – Example of Freescale QorIQ – Example implementation of an router Software perspective – Symmetric and asymmetric processing – Hypervisor and virtual machines

12. Applications: Server Architectures 1.What makes a server CPU different ? 2.Different type of architectures 3.Bulldozer Microarchitecture  Bulldozer vs. Westmere’s architecture  Example of Interlagos

13. Applications: Cloud computing Definition of the cloud Why cloud computing Example of the Amazon cloud

14. Multithreading Fine-grained Coarse grained Simultaneous Speculative