1. Plants!!!! Multi-cellular eukaryote that produces its own food in the form of glucose through the process of photosynthesis All plants are autotrophic Plant cells have thick cell walls made of cellulose

2. Nonvascular Plants Lack vascular tissue –Transport water, starch & nutrients by osmosis & diffusion Must be small in size; usually only a few cells thick Require a close association with water--MUST live in moist habitats Reproduce using spores The Gametophyte Generation (haploid) is dominant Male reproductive structure = antheridium Female reproductive structure = archegonium

3. Vascular Plants Have vascular tissues –Tube-like cells transport water & nutrients throughout the plant Grow much larger than non-vascular plants Can survive in a variety of habitats Can adapt to changes in the availability of water The Sporophyte Generation (diploid) is dominant There are two major types of Vascular Plants –Non-Seed Plants and Seed Plants

4. Nonvascular Plants: Mosses Small plants with leafy stems Rhizoids help anchor the stem to the soil Usually grow in dense carpets Will grow anywhere with enough moisture

5. Nonvascular Plants: Liverworts Usually grow in clumps/masses in moist habitats Oily/shiny surfaces help reduce evaporation from tissues

6. Nonvascular Plants: Hornworts Sporophyte resembles an animal horn Each cell has one large chloroplast

7. Vascular Plants: Nonseed Plants Prominent in ancient forests Reproduce using spores Requires film of water for sperm to reach egg Ex: FERNS

8. Vascular Plants: Seed Plants Reproduce using seeds Seeds provide food supply & protection for embryonic plant from the environment Can provide a seed dispersal method

9. Vascular Plants: Seed Plants Gymnosperms –Naked seeds –Seeds produced on woody scales called cones –Ex: conifers (Pine trees, Fir trees, Redwood trees) Angiosperms –Covered Seeds –Seeds enclosed in a fruit –Fruit is the ripened in the ovary of a flower

10. Angiosperms: Anthophytes Flowering plants Divided into two classes: monocotyledons & dicotyledons One seed leaf = monot Two seed leaf = dicot Annual, Biennial, & Perennial

11. Monocots vs. Dicots

12. Flowering Plant Life Spans Annuals –Sprout, grow, reproduce, and die in a single season –Corn, wheat, peas, beans, squash Biennials –Less than 2 years –Many develop storage roots –Survive winter/harsh conditions by dropping leaves or dying back to ground Perennials –Several years –Produce flowers and seeds once a year –Also survive winter/harsh conditions by dropping leaves or dying back to ground