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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-1 Chapter 4 Drawing and Symbolizing Features
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-2 Outline Drawing features and rasters with different styles and symbols Using different types of maps to present attribute data Classifying features based on their attributes using a variety of classification methods Choosing, modifying, storing, and using different kinds of symbols Using layers and groups to speed and simplify display of data
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-3 Types of data Categorical data-- geology Quantities data-- precipitation Note: It’s unprofessional to use a GCS to create a map
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-4 Map Types Single symbol maps Unique values maps Quantities maps –Graduated color –Graduated symbol –Dot density Chart maps Multiple attribute maps Choose map type in Layer Properties
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-5 Single symbol maps
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-6 Unique Values Map
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-7 Types of unique values Many values-- State names Use to show different features Few values— State subregion Use to show patterns
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-8 Quantities maps
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-9 Types of Quantities Maps
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-10 Chart Maps Proportional chart map
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-11 Multiple attribute maps State subregion and population
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-12 Normalizing data By percent of total –Shows percentage of total By another field –Example: population/area gives population density
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-13 Ways to classify data Choose number of classes Variety of different classification methods –Jenks Natural Breaks –Equal Interval –Defined Interval –Quantile –Standard Deviation –Manual (set your own) Same data may appear differently
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-14 Jenks Natural Breaks Class breaks Exploits natural gaps in the data Good for unevenly distributed data Default method
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-15 Equal Interval Specify number of classes Divides into equally spaced classes
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-16 Defined interval User chooses the class size Data determines number of classes
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-17 Quantile Same number of features in each class May get very unevenly spaced class ranges
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-18 Standard Deviation Shows deviation from mean User chooses units e.g. 0.5 standard deviations
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-19 Classifying data Set manual breaks
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-20 Excluding data from classification
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-21 Using Symbols and Styles Symbols may be edited Group symbols together as Styles Use standard styles or create new ones
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-22 Symbol psychology Where is the water? Where is there less rain? Which towns have more people? What’s there?Where’s the danger?
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-23 Choosing symbols Which one looks more aesthetic? Which one is easier to understand? Which one shows the roads better?
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-24 Editing symbols Symbol Selector Symbol Property Editor Save edited symbols
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-25 Styles
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-26 The Style Manager
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-27 Using Layer Files Layer files store display information Can be saved and loaded Saves time recreating symbols
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-28 Displaying rasters
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-29 The raster data model Rows Columns X, Y location Raster data file N rows by M columns X, Y location Georeferenced to earth’s surface
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-30 Types of raster data Discrete raster: land use Continuous raster: DEM Continuous raster: image Discrete raster: roads
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-31 Raster Properties Scroll down for more info
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-32 Image types Single band image Three band composite image
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-33 RGB Color composites Image bands Composite color image
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-34 Stretching Original image Stretched image 0 255 Enhances display by using greater range of brightness values
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-35 Single band display Unique values Classified
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-36 Single band display
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-37 Multi-band display
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-38 Grids Arc raster format Can be analyzed as well as displayed Has attribute table if discrete data
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-39 Nodata
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Copyright © 2006 by Maribeth H. Price 4-40 Transparency Geology Hillshade
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