1. The DNA Code Chromosomes are made of DNA. Each chromosome contains thousands of genes. The sequence of bases in a gene forms a code that tells the cell what protein to produce. In DNA Adenine (A) always pairs up with Thymine (T) and Guanine (G) always pairs up with Cytosine (C) In RNA Adenine (A) pairs up with Uracil (U) instead of Thymine (T)

2. How Cells Make Proteins During protein synthesis, the cell uses information from a gene on a chromosome to produce a specific protein.

4. Codon and Anticodon What are they? Special 3 letter code for amino acids Each code is made of 3 nitrogen bases Example: AAU CCG ACG UAG etc. Each Amino acids has its own specific code mRNA carries the code or “codon” for Amino Acids from DNA to Ribosomes

5. Codon and Anticodon tRNA carries the “anticodon” for Amino Acids from cytoplasm to Ribosomes The ‘codon” and “anticodons” match up in the Ribosomes They keep matching up until protein is complete A protein can be made from 10 to 1000’s of amino acids

6. How Nitrogen bases combine to make the 3 letter code for Amino Acids

7. Protein Synthesis Production of proteins RNA has the base Uracil (U) instead of Thymine Uracil always matches up with Adenine Proteins are made of Amino Acids or AA Messenger RNA or mRNA copies the code or 3 letter “codon” for proteins from DNA mRNA travels to Ribosomes RNA helps DNA make proteins

8. Codon: A 3 base combination for a specific Amino Acid Anticodon: A 3 base combination that matches with bases in Codon Example: Codon: AAC CGA Anticodon: UUG GCU mRNA “codon” matches up with tRNA “anticodon” Each Amino acid has a specific 3 letter “anticodon” “codons’ and “anticodons” keep matching up until protein is complete and goes to do its job in cells and body tRNA carries Amino acids from cytoplasm to Ribosomes

9. Protein Synthesis Transfer RNA RNA Messenger RNA includes Carry amino acids functions to Copy the coded message from the DNA Carry the message to the ribosome in the cytoplasm Add amino acids to the growing protein

10. Name:_________________ Group:_______ Date:_______ Protein Synthesis RNA has the base Uracil (U) instead of Thymine Uracil always matches up with Adenine

11. Codon: A 3 base combination for a specific Amino Acid Anticodon: A 3 base combination that matches with bases in Codon Example: Codon: AAC CGA Anticodon: UUG GCU