1. Updated:3/19/2016 Animal Science/Dairy Science 434 Reproductive Physiology Lecture 1: Introduction, Female Anatomy Reproductive Physiology Lecture 1: Introduction, Female Anatomy

2. Updated:3/19/2016 What is happening in this image?

3. Updated:3/19/2016 Instructions Graded exercise (5 points) On the card provided, list 3 things that you observe or know are occurring in the scene. (2 minutes) » Print your name at the top Form groups of 4 or 5 (List the names in the group on your card). » Take 2 minutes to discuss the scene and make a group list of what is occurring in the scene.

4. Updated:3/19/2016 Potential Ways To Interpret Image Superficial » Looking into each other’s eyes » Touching Physiological changes » Heart rates increasing » Increased blood flow to reproductive organs Lubrication of vagina, clitoral enlargement, contractions of uterus Erection of penis, contractions of epididymis

5. Updated:3/19/2016 Instructor John J. Parrish 714 Animal Science parrish@ansci.wisc.edu 263-4324

6. Updated:3/19/2016 Laboratories Tuesday, Wednesday Room 134 Animal Science 3:30 - 5:30 » may last until 6:00

7. Updated:3/19/2016 Text (Required) Pathways to Pregnancy and Parturition - Second Edition » P.L. Senger UW Bookstore Library (not on reserve)

8. Updated:3/19/2016 Web Page http://www.wisc.edu/ansci_repro/ Syllabus Lecture Outlines and Handouts Labs Old Exams Project Information Important Dates Grading

9. Updated:3/19/2016 434 Web Site Modifications Updates may occur daily. Lecture outlines and labs are currently for last year 2005 lecture updates are usually done by 8:15 the day of lecture (no guarantee) 2005 lab material will be updated by the time of Tuesday’s lecture.

10. Updated:3/19/2016 Web Page Techniques Will work best from a campus networked computer » essential for video clips in Learn@UW Display set for 800 X 600 Frames were used in page construction » Printing (check FAQ) » movement within web site Reload button (for lab computers) » the site is continually being changed

11. Updated:3/19/2016

12. Initial Syllabus Lectures Labs Handouts Old Exams Project FAQ

13. Updated:3/19/2016 Syllabus

14. Updated:3/19/2016 Important Dates Lecture Exams » February 17 » April 5 » May 11 (12:25 PM, Wed. ) Lab Exams » February 22-23 (given in lab) » April 26-27 (given in lab) Oral Final » April 5 to end of class

15. Updated:3/19/2016 Grading (Tentative) Lecture Exam I100 Lecture Exam II100 Lecture Exam III100 Lab Exam I50 Lab Exam II50 Oral Final100 Project200 Lab Exercises65 Lab quizzes (start of lab; 5 @ 5 pts each)25 Lab quizzes (end of lab; 13 @ 5 pts each)65 Total855 The final grade will be curved but generally ends near the following percentages: A (100-93%), AB (88-93%), B (80-88%), BC (79-70%), C (69-60%), D (59-50%), F (<50%).

16. Updated:3/19/2016 Case or Problem Based Approach Dear Uncle Ed; I turned my heifers out this fall with a bull. The veterinarian determined most were pregnant in January. The heifer in the center of the picture was however not pregnant. What could be the problem? Your nephew, John

17. Updated:3/19/2016 How do you approach a case? What information is relevant and what is not? What do you need to know? » Where will you find this information? Team or Group responsibilities » What will each member do? » Time limits

18. Updated:3/19/2016 Lecture 1 Female Reproductive Tract Anatomy

19. Updated:3/19/2016 Learning Objectives To learn the different structures and nomenclatures for the parts of the female reproductive system. To learn the basic functions for the different parts of the tract and how they work together.

20. Updated:3/19/2016 Equine - Horse FemaleMareMaleStallion

21. Updated:3/19/2016 Bovine - Cattle FemaleCowMaleBull

22. Updated:3/19/2016 Ovine - Sheep FemaleEweMaleRam

23. Updated:3/19/2016 Porcine - Swine - Pig FemaleSowMaleBoar

24. Updated:3/19/2016 Avian - Chicken FemaleHenMaleRooster

25. Updated:3/19/2016 Vulva Vagina Cervix Uterine Body Clitoris Urethra Bladder Uterine Horn Ovary Oviduct

26. Updated:3/19/2016 Uterus Ovary Oviduct Broad Ligament Cervix Bladder Pelvis Vagina Vulva Rectum

27. Updated:3/19/2016 Broad Ligament connective tissue sheet which supports and suspends the reproductive tract

28. Updated:3/19/2016 Broad Ligament mesosalpinx mesovarium mesometrium

29. Updated:3/19/2016 Ovary - Primary Sex Organ Functions » Hormonal Estrogen Progesterone » Female gamete Oocyte

30. Updated:3/19/2016 Ovary Corpus Luteum Follicle - Estrogen, Oocyte Progesterone

31. Updated:3/19/2016 Blood and lymphatic Vessels & nerves Hilus } Medulla Cortex Ovary Germinal Epithelium Tunica Albuginea Tunica Albuginea 85% of Ovarian Cancers 85% of Ovarian Cancers

32. Updated:3/19/2016 Tertiary follicle Primary follicle Tertiary follicle Egg nest Secondary follicle Atretic follicle Corpus albicans Corpus luteum Corpus hemorrhagicum Ruptured follicle (ovulation)

33. Primordial Follicle Primary Follicle Secondary follicle Tertiary follicle Follicle Cells Flattened cells surround oocyte Increase in size of oocyte and height of follicular cells Surrounded by several layers of follicular cells Nucleus Ooplasma Follicular Cells Follicle forms a fluid filled cavity Differentiation of cell layers in the follicle wall Oocyte Antrum

34. Updated:3/19/2016 Antrum Theca Externa Theca Interna Granulosa Cumulus Oophorus Oocyte (Follicular Fluid) Tertiary Follicle Basement Membrane

35. Updated:3/19/2016 Tertiary Follicle Granulosa Theca Interna Cumulus Oophorus Antrum Oocyte

36. Updated:3/19/2016 Follicular Blood Supply Theca interna cells Granulosa cells Follicular fluid Capillary network Basement Membrane

37. Updated:3/19/2016 Circular smooth muscle layer Circular smooth muscle layer Longitudinal smooth muscle layer Longitudinal smooth muscle layer Muscularis Serosa Submucosa Lumen Mucosa Secondary Sex Organ: A Series of Tubes to Convey the Oocyte/Embryo/Fetus to the Outside

38. Updated:3/19/2016 Functions of Oviduct Gamete Transport » Sperm » Oocyte Supports early embryo development Transport of embryo to uterus

39. Updated:3/19/2016 Oviduct Uterine Horn Utero-Tubal Junction Ampullary-Isthmic Junction Isthmus Ampulla Infundibulum (20 - 30 cm 2 ) Fimbria Ostium Follicle Ovary Cumulus Oophorus and Oocyte

40. Updated:3/19/2016 Oviduct Mesosalpinx UT Junction Uterine Horn Isthmus Ampulla

41. Updated:3/19/2016 Oviduct Histology Ciliated Columnar Nonciliated Columnar Mucosa

42. Updated:3/19/2016 Functions of the Uterus Muscle contractions » Transport sperm » Expel fetus and placenta Absorption and phagocytosis Partially prepares sperm for fertilization » capacitation Provides environment for embryo and fetal growth Hormone production » Prostaglandin F2  production

43. Updated:3/19/2016 Uterus (bovine) Bicornuate » poorly to moderately developed uterine horns » uterine body » one cervix cervix body horn

44. Updated:3/19/2016 Caruncles

45. Updated:3/19/2016 Uterine Histology Perimetrium Endometrium Myometrium Endometrial Glands

46. Updated:3/19/2016 Mucosa Submucosa Myometrium Endometrium Endometrial Gland Perimetrium Uterine Histology

47. Updated:3/19/2016 Functions of the Cervix Transport of sperm Barrier to sperm (species dependent) Reservoir for sperm Blocking bacterial invasion during pregnancy Birth canal

48. Updated:3/19/2016 Cervix Cervix is composed of thick connective tissue COW Cow has 4-5 annular rings Uterine Body Vagina External Cervical Os Internal Cervical Os Mucus is secreted near the time of breeding and ovulation.

49. Updated:3/19/2016 Cervix Cervical Ring Cervical Ring Cervical Ring Cervical Ring Fornix Anterior Vagina COW EWE External Os Internal Os

50. Updated:3/19/2016 Functions of the Vagina Copulatory organ Glands secrete lubrication Birth canal Glands secrete pheremones

51. Updated:3/19/2016 Vagina Anterior Vagina Posterior Vagina (Vestibule) Columnar Epithelium Stratified Squamous Epithelium Submucosa Urethra Submucosa Mucosa Fornix Vulva- Vaginal Sphincter Cervix

52. Updated:3/19/2016 Posterior Vaginal Histology Stratified Squamous Epithelium Mucosa Submucosa

53. Updated:3/19/2016 Function of External Genitalia Labia » Closes entrance to vagina Clitoris » Female sensory organ

54. Updated:3/19/2016 External Genitalia of the Cow Anus Labia Clitoris Labia Vulva

55. Updated:3/19/2016 Phenomena For Fertility vagina dentata - a vagina with teeth female bedbug - no vagina hysterectomy - if woman went to long without becoming pregnant then uterus would wonder in body causing hysteria and other distresses hyena - clitoris is very large and looks like the male penis; female also has a false scrotum (labia); female is the dominate sex and produces more testosterone than male