1. Population Genetics Marie Černá

2. Population a localized group of individuals belonging to the same species a species a group of populations whose individuals have the potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring in nature

3. Population genetics (in the 1930s) Study of the properties of genes within populations (gene pool) The genetic structure of a population is defined by its allele and genotype frequencies Microevolution is a generation-to-generation change in a population’s allele or genotype frequencies

4. Modern synthesis (forged in the 1940s) a comprehensive theory of evolution integrates Darwinian selection and Mendelian inheritance

5. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium very large population no migration no net mutations random mating no natural selection in a population meeting all these conditions - no evolution is occurring

6. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium p = frequency of dominant allele q = frequency of recessive allele allele frequencies:p + q = 1 genotype frequencies: (p + q) 2 = p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1

9. Literature Biology, eighth edition, Campbell, Reece Unit four: Mechanisms of Evolution Chapter 23: The Evolution of Populations Pages 468 – 486