1. Greek Mythology : Gods & Goddesses

2. Mythology Ancient cultures used mythology belief systems much the same way that people use modern religion. 1. to explain the world 2. to instruct or guide proper behavior 3. to give a sense of community

3. Origins of Mythology Ancient mythology belongs to the oral tradition (folklore, legends, etc.) 1. stories passed orally appealed to the non-literate 2. these stories were a form of entertainment 3. the stories enabled the passing of history and culture from one group to the next

4. Archetypal Myth Symbols Many cultures share myth symbols. Some of these are: 1. The great flood or fire 2. The serpent 3. Things organized into 3, 7, or 12 4. The woman who brings evil into the world 5. The family “romance”

5. Greek Mythology 1. The Greeks were the earliest people to give their gods human forms 2. The Greeks also endowed the gods with human qualities and emotions 3. Greeks were able to determine proper behavior based on what would “anger the gods” or “please the gods.”

6. Greek Myth Categories The Greek myths fall into the following categories: a. Explanatory (Persephone and Pluto) b. Instructional (Daedalus and Icarus) c. Entertainment

7. Remember the Titans? Gaea: Earth Goddess; made the rest of the Titans by mating with her son, Uranus. Uranus: Sky god; first ruler. Dethroned by Cronus. Cronus: Fathered the first of the Olympians. Swallowed his children except for Zeus. Prometheus: “Forethought” ; Protector of man; inventor of fire. Atlas: Punished by having to hold the world on his back.

8. Who Were the Olympians? The offspring of the Titans Overthrew the Titans in a war to control the universe. Led by Zeus, the god of the other gods. Zeus and his brothers split territory (Zeus- earth/sky, Poseidon- the seas, Hades- the underworld)

9. The Twelve Olympians Aphrodite: goddess of love and beauty. Her symbols were the dove, and myrtle, a type of evergreen shrub. Her Latin name was Venus. Apollo: god of the sun and of music. His symbols were the lyre, the chariot, and the laurel tree. His Latin name was Apollo. Ares: god of war. His symbols were armor, dogs, and vultures. His Latin name was Mars.

10. Artemis: goddess of the hunt and of the moon. Her symbols were hunting, weapons, stags, and the crescent moon. Her Latin name was Diana. Athena: goddess of wisdom and war. Her symbols were the owl, the olive tree, and two types of armor—the breastplate and the aegis, a shield. Her Latin name was Minerva. Demeter: goddess of agriculture. Her symbols were sheaves of wheat, and the poppy. Her Latin name was Ceres.

11. Dionysus: god of wine and revelry. His symbols were grapes and other crops. His Latin name was Bacchus. Hephaestus: god of fire and of the forge. His symbols were the anvil and the hammer. His Latin name was Vulcan. Hera: queen of the gods. Her symbols were the peacock and the pomegranate. Her Latin name was Juno.

12. Hermes: messenger of the gods. His symbols were the caduceus, and a winged cap and sandals. His Latin name was Mercury. Poseidon: god of the sea. His symbols were the trident, a three pronged spear, and dolphins. His Latin name was Neptune. Zeus: king of the gods. His symbols were the thunderbolt, the eagle, and the oak tree. His Latin name was Jupiter.

13. Origins of Greek Mythology 1. The universe starts with Chaos 2.Gaea (earth) gives birth to Uranus (heavens) 3.The offspring of Gaea and Uranus are the Titans 4. The Titan Cronus castrates his father and assumes his position 5. Cronus is afraid one of his sons will do the same to him, so when they are born he eats them.

14. 6. Cronus’ wife, Rhea, gets tired of all this infanticide and when her youngest, Zeus, is born, she gives Cronus a rock to eat and hides Zeus away. 7. Zeus grows up to defeat his father and rescue his brothers and sisters from his stomach. These gods become The Olympians. 8. One of the Titans, Prometheus, escaped Zeus and created man. He later stole fire from Zeus to give to man. He also was responsible for bringing the first woman, Pandora, into the world. Pandora, because of her (womanly) curiosity, brings evil into the world for man.

15. 9. For all of the above, Zeus punishes Prometheus by chaining him and allowing an eagle to peck away at his liver all day. Overnight his liver grows back and he goes through the same thing all over again the next day ( similar to Tantalus/Sisyphus).

16. Family Tree

17. Other Gods and Goddesses Eris - Goddess of Discord. Eros - God of Love. Helios - Personification of the Sun. Heracles - Greatest hero of the Greek myths. Iris - Personification of the Rainbow, also the messenger of Olympus along with Hermes. Morpheus - God of Dreams. Muses - Nine ladies of science and arts. Nemesis - Greek goddess of retribution. Nike - Goddess of victory.

18. Can you label the Gods and Goddesses on Mount Olympus?