1. Preview 2-18-16 In your notebook, write and answer the following question: List all types of transportation you can think of. Below that, list all transportation you’ve been on. Which was your favorite and why?

2.  Learning Target: We will identify significant individuals, events, from Reconstruction through the beginning of the 20 th century, including the effects of the growth of railroads and the contributions of James Hogg.  Success Criteria: I will develop a Texas rail line and explain the reasoning of the location of the railroad, the price, things it will carry.

3. Small Group Talk  Think (30 Seconds): What are some items you can’t live without? (Think BIG PICTURE)  Write (1 Minute): Write 2-3 setences describing what items you NEED and why.  I can’t live without ______, ______, and blank _____ because _________. I need these items because ______________.  Pair:  Partner A to Partner B (30 Seconds)  Partner B to Partner A (30 Seconds)  Share: Be prepared to share aloud.

4. Life on the Ranch in the 1870s  No gas powered machinery  No electricity  No running water; pumped by hand  Wood stove or fireplace for cooking  No mail service  Families are self-reliant and work sun up to sun down  Large families and boys help work the farm  Go to church and school; Saturdays are meant to go to town for supplies at general store

5. The Rise of Ranches The development of railroads in Texas provided ranchers a way to ship cattle more easily. Refrigeration enabled cattle to be slaughtered locally and then packed and shipped directly from Texas. Ranching in Texas spread to the central, northern, and Panhandle regions. The number of large ranches in these areas increased as well.

6. Change in Cattle Ranching CauseEffect Large profits led ranchers to over-expandBeef prices fell Overgrazing ruined rangelandsRanchers, forced to sell animals a low prices, went bankrupt Severe drought and blizzards occurred in the mid 1800s Ranchers changed methods to emphasize herd management.

7. James Hogg  Reform-minded lawyer elected state attorney general in 1886  He targeted the formation of trusts  Combination of companies that unite to reduce competition  Hogg was against the corrupt business practices in Texas and wanted to end it  Texas legislature passes the Anti-Trust Act of 1889  Aimed to protect citizens and keep the railroad rates from fluctuating  Elected Governor of Texas in 1891  While governor, Hogg asked the legislature to create a state agency regulating railroads in Texas  Within a few years the unfair practices by the railroads had stopped  “Hogg Laws”

8. Creating a Rail Line  You have been given the responsibility of creating a new rail line to run through Texas  Where are you going to put it?  Why?  Make sure to think of where different resources are in Texas and how that can affect your line  What will you carry on your line?  How much will you charge?