2. Good Afternoon !

3. Western Kentucky University Mojave 2014 Ron Waterbury Rocks, Lakes, and Springs !

4. This is a hot Hyper arid Desert with a mean-annual temperature around 9. 5°C (49.1°F), and during the summer reaching above 45°C (114°F).

5. Inyo County California, USA

9. Stratigraphy

10. Stratigraphy and mapping: Understanding the chronology of that layers of sediment were deposited is critical to interpreting earth history and preparing geologic maps. Likewise understanding how erosion and tectonic forces affect the landscape over time is equally essential to mapping-related sciences. This generalized stratigraphic diagram for the central Mojave Desert region of southern California. The diagram illustrates a working interpretation model that includes both basin-fill deposits (lake, stream, and floodplain deposits) and a geomorphic profile of stream channel terrace deposits on alluvial fans. This stratigraphic model is an essential component to map and interpret the changes to the landscape caused by movement along faults in the Mojave region. The offset of basin fill and especially alluvial deposits are an important component of unraveling fault motion and earthquake history in the region. It is the careful study of such deposits (using radiocarbon dating and other geochronologic dating methods) that fault movement history can be determined, and estimates for earthquake frequency, intensity, and potential impacts can be made.

11. Death Valley National Park Through Time Death Valley Today - 10,000 years ago to present BadwaterBadwater As low as you can go; fault scarps, salt pan Death Valley dunesDeath Valley dunes Desert sands Devil's Golf CourseDevil's Golf CourseSalt deposits Furnace CreekFurnace Creek Focus on water Harmony Borax worksHarmony Borax worksEarly mining in Death Valley Racetrack PlayaRacetrack Playa Mysterious sliding rocks Saratoga SpringsSaratoga SpringsDesert oasis Ubehebe CraterUbehebe CraterMaar volcanoes Quiet to chaos 65 million to 10,000 years ago (Cenozoic)Cenozoic Dante's ViewDante's View Basin and Range Amargosa ChaosAmargosa Chaos Death Valley rocks sliced and diced Split cinder coneSplit cinder cone Cinder cone sliced by fault Artist's DriveArtist's Drive Colors of nature Zabriskie PointZabriskie Point Remnants of ancient lakes tracking Death Valley's extinct inhabitants Golden CanyonGolden Canyon Ramble through the Furnace Creek Formation Shoreline ButteShoreline ButtePleistocene lakeshores The Earth Shook, the Sea Withdrew 250-65 million years ago (Mesozoic)Mesozoic Uplift and erosion Death Valley at the Equator - 570-250 million years ago (Paleozoic)Paleozoic Titus CanyonTitus Canyon Tropical Seas Death Valley Dawn - 1.8 billion years to 570 million years ago (Precambrian)Precambrian BadwaterBadwater The oldest rocks - relics of the Precambrian world Mosaic CanyonMosaic Canyon Slot canyon, deformed and polished marble

12. Mineralogy

16. Tecopa Hot Sprngs

17. Could Tecopa have the answer to the presence of Life? Nope can’t go there, can’t do it, evolution doesn’t exist. I would be crazy if I tried to bring it up in a classroom presentation.

19. Calcium.......... 7.2 Iron............. 0.094 Lead............... 4.0 Magnesium..... 9.7 Boron............. 9.2 Selenium......... 8.0 Sodium....... 725.0 Fluoride........... 2.4 Potassium..... 22.3 Arsenic.......... 0.24 Carbonates... 45.2 Bicarbonates. 668. Sulfates....... 497.5 Chlorides.... 371.0 Analysis of Mineral Water in PPM The Inyo County Tecopa Hot Mineral Springs are classified as Hot Springs. While the temperature of the water fluctuates between different sources, the water temperature usually measures between 116 - 118° F. The ambient temperature of the water in the summer months, however, can be as a high as 121 - 135° F.

28. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecopa,_California http://www.indiana.edu/~g105lab/images/gaia_chapter_13/vent_communities.htm http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/abioprob/originoflife.html http://whyfiles.org/2011/biology-critters-that-should-not-exist/ http://www.tecopahotsprings.org/thoughts.html https://images.search.yahoo.com/images/view;_ylt=AwrB8pod6BBTji8A3XeJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTIzNHRmN240BHNlYwNzcgRzbGsDaW1nBG9pZAMwZDBhNjMwNzdlZjgzOWM0OGVlYjVkYWQ1NDN hNzhkYgRncG9zAzE4BGl0A2Jpbmc- ?back=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3DHot%2Bsprings%2Bdiagram%26_adv_prop%3Dimage%26va%3DHot%2Bsprings%2Bdiagram%26fr%3Dyfp-t- 901%26ri%3D166%26spos%3D24%26nost%3D1%26tab%3Dorganic%26ri%3D18&w=275&h=400&imgurl=media-2.web.britannica.com%2Feb-media%2F29%2F95629-004- 7EF6B7AB.jpg&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fbuzz-master.com%2Fwp-includes%2Fhot-spring- diagram&size=16.7KB&name=%3Cb%3Ehot+%3C%2Fb%3Espring+%3Cb%3Ediagram%3C%2Fb%3E&p=Hot+springs+diagram&oid=0d0a63077ef839c48eeb5dad543a78db&fr2=&fr=yfp-t- 901&tt=%3Cb%3Ehot+%3C%2Fb%3Espring+%3Cb%3Ediagram%3C%2Fb%3E&b=0&ni=256&no=18&ts=&tab=organic&sigr=11lq1oah7&sigb=14v52nd99&sigi=11tddsr5n&.crumb=P9IlBNRmcl4&fr=yfp- t-901 http://deathvalleychamber.org/444 California Geological Survey, Geologic Data Map No. 2 Compilation and Interpretation by: Charles W. Jennings (1977) Updated version by: Carlos Gutierrez, William Bryant, George Saucedo, and Chris Wills Graphics by: Milind Patel, Ellen Sander, Jim Thompson, Barbara Wanish and Milton Fonseca http://www.ukessays.com/essays/history/lake-tecopa-in-the-eastern-mojave-desert-history-essay.php http://digital-desert.com/tecopa-ca/ http://digital-desert.com/mono-lake/geology.html http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/neotectonics/html/qstrat.html Wulff, Andrew Dr. Western Kentucky University Geology, Geography Department March 1 st, 2013