1. Why Should We Be Concerned About Wastewater Quality and Reuse? Fred Corson, Ph.D.

2. Why Am I Concerned? Pertinent Regulations Contaminants of Concern Groundwater Contamination Future actions? Pertinent Regulations Contaminants of Concern Groundwater Contamination Future actions?

3. Pertinent Regulations Safe Drinking Water Act Clean Water Act Title 22 Antidegradation Policy Safe Drinking Water Act Clean Water Act Title 22 Antidegradation Policy

4. Safe Drinking Water Act & Clean Water Act Regulate Only 127 Chemicals of 87,000 chemicals produced!!

5. Pertinent Regulations Safe Drinking Water Act Clean Water Act Title 22 Antidegradation Policy Safe Drinking Water Act Clean Water Act Title 22 Antidegradation Policy

6. Emerging Wastewater Contaminants of Concern Currently unregulated organic chemicals Growing Items of Commerce Drugs, hormones, detergents Plasticizers, pesticides, fire retardants Hormonally active at very low concentrations Currently unregulated organic chemicals Growing Items of Commerce Drugs, hormones, detergents Plasticizers, pesticides, fire retardants Hormonally active at very low concentrations

7. Santa Rosa Wastewater Copper, lead, nickel, cyanide Excessive nutrients Up to 60 mg/l total organic carbon Most organics unidentified Endocrine disruption activity observed Copper, lead, nickel, cyanide Excessive nutrients Up to 60 mg/l total organic carbon Most organics unidentified Endocrine disruption activity observed

8. Groundwater Contamination Percolation from storage and Laguna Percolation under current reuse projects Major new urban reuse proposed Major north county ag reuse proposed Nature of treatment process Percolation from storage and Laguna Percolation under current reuse projects Major new urban reuse proposed Major north county ag reuse proposed Nature of treatment process

9. In Singapore RO water is bottled and sold In Singapore RO water is bottled and sold Orange county recharges aquifers with RO water Orange county recharges aquifers with RO water Ultimate Solution: Reverse Osmosis Treatment

10. Increasing value of clean water Decreasing cost of treatment Tightening regulations Increasing value of clean water Decreasing cost of treatment Tightening regulations

11. Strategy: Accelerate Decision to use RO Data on organic contaminants in municipal wastewater Data on effectiveness of current RO facilities Data on organic contaminants in Santa Rosa wastewater Increase costs for interim options via CEQA and regulatory processes Data on organic contaminants in municipal wastewater Data on effectiveness of current RO facilities Data on organic contaminants in Santa Rosa wastewater Increase costs for interim options via CEQA and regulatory processes

12. North Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board Tough updated discharge permit New permit required for discharge relocation New requirements for wastewater reuse Tough updated discharge permit New permit required for discharge relocation New requirements for wastewater reuse

13. New Requirements for Wastewater Reuse Meet same effluent limitations as discharge No surface runoff from reuse area No groundwater degradation Groundwater quality study Meet same effluent limitations as discharge No surface runoff from reuse area No groundwater degradation Groundwater quality study

14. Regulations are improving Wastewater contains organic contaminants Human health and environmental impacts are likely Contaminants can and must be removed Must accelerate move to RO Progress is being made Regulations are improving Wastewater contains organic contaminants Human health and environmental impacts are likely Contaminants can and must be removed Must accelerate move to RO Progress is being made

15. What Can Each of Us Do? Understand wastewater regulations Understand wastewater quality concerns Input into all stages of CEQA process Input into permitting process for discharge and reuse Understand wastewater regulations Understand wastewater quality concerns Input into all stages of CEQA process Input into permitting process for discharge and reuse

16. Thank you! Questions?