1. Muslim & Mongol Empires (500-1350 AD)

2. I. Rise of Islam –monotheistic religion centered in the Middle East (people who follow Islam are called Muslims)

3. A. Muhammad- in 610 became prophet of God (Allah), by 622 he and his followers expelled from Arabian city of Mecca

4. 1. In 630 Muhammad & followers defeat Mecca, all of Arabia converted to Islam by Muhammad’s death in 632 AD

5. 2. Islamic faith- holy book Qur’an, built mosques, emphasis on jihad (holy war), traditional values

6. Al-Haram Mosque (Saudi Arabia)

7. Kaaba

8. Dome of the Rock Mosque (Israel/Palestine)

9. Interior of the Dome of the Rock Mosque

10. B. Spread of Islam- successors to Muhammad called caliphs (powerful religious/political/military leaders) 1. Umar leads Arab armies that convert/conquer the Middle East, North Africa, India, Spain

11. Expansion of Islam

12. The Franks battle the Muslims at the battle of Tours in 732 AD

13. C. Division- Umar’s successors murdered, Islam broken into 2 branches: Sunni & Shi’ah

14. 1. Sunni- believed best man should be selected caliph 2. Shi’ah- wanted only descendents of the first caliphs to lead the faith

15. *Based on what you know, which branch of Islam (Sunni/ Shi’ah) do you think has more members today? Why?

16. D. Islamic civilization & culture

17. 1. Traders- silk, cotton, wool, carpets, jewelry, metalwork, perfume, swords, glassware, spices, leather, pottery

18. The Alhambra (Spain)

21. 2. Spread Arabic language, all laws based on Qur’an, father given all authority, stressed basic morals

22. Arabic Writing

23. Arabic Alphabet

24. E. Science- combine knowledge from Greece/Rome/India/China, established advanced universities

25. 1. Medicine- catalogued diseases, performed operations

26. 2. Math- developed number system based on 10, later created algebra (from Al-jabr) XVIII XXIV 18 24

27. Astrolabe

28. F. Decline- Unity/power of early Arab Islamic empire broken 1. Many Muslim cities destroyed by Mongols (12-1300’s)

29. G. By 1100, Turks dominate the Muslim world, begin the Ottoman Empire, & conquered the Byzantine Empire in 1453

31. Constantinople Becomes Istanbul (1453)

32. Hagia Sofia (Turkey)

33. INTERIOR OF THE HAGIA SOPHIA

34. 1.Ottomans conquer SE Europe and reach their peak in the 1500’s under Sultan Suleiman (“the Magnificent”)

35. Suleimaniye Mosque (Turkey)

36. Ottoman Empire (1000-1700)

37. Islam Today

38. II. Mongols- warlike, nomadic people originated from central Asia

39. A. Mongol tribes united by Genghis Khan around 1200, used mounted cavalry in fast attacks to win an empire

40. Genghis Khan

41. Mongol Homeland

42. Karakorum

43. Mongol Cavalry In Battle

44. The Mongol Bow

45. B. Conquest- by early 1200’s Genghis conquered Northern China, and much of Asia

46. 1. Grandson Kublai added rest of China, Middle East, Russia, and parts of Eastern Europe killing millions

47. Mongol Expansion (1200-1300)

48. Mongol Empire

49. 2. Rule- largest land empire in history, heavily taxed conquered people, 1 st to use paper money, helped to restore world trade, tolerant of various cultures

50. C. Decline- by 1400’s many Mongols were absorbed into local populations, empire disintegrated 1. China regained independence with the Ming Dynasty (ruled 1368-1644)