1. UNIT 5 Australia By Diliff. C. CommonDiliff

2. Relative clauses A defining relative clause: A defining relative clause: - is part of a sentence - is necessary information - describes the noun that comes just before it The relative pronoun can be omitted when it is the object of the relative clause; if it is the subject, it is necessary. Relative pronouns in defining clauses: who/which/that/whom/whose/where/when A non-defining relative clause: A non-defining relative clause: - gives additional, not essential information - does not help to identify the thing or the person - is put in commas The relative pronoun cannot be omitted Relative pronouns in non-defining clauses: who/which/whose/where/when

3. Compound words Compound nouns in English are written as separate words, others are written together, and others are joined by a hyphen. However, all of them are formed by two words working as a single noun. They can be formed by different combinations of words, for example: noun + noun- toothbrush adjective + noun - wildlife verb + noun - shopping list noun + preposition - passer-by noun + verb - haircut A single adjective made up of two or more words is called a compound adjective. The words in a compound adjective can be linked together by a hyphen (or hyphens) to show they are part of the same adjective. Adjective or adverb + past participle is one of the most common patterns. For example: cold-blooded, open-minded, old-fashioned, well-behaved. Other common patterns for compound adjectives include: noun + past participle: air-conditioned, handmade, tongue-tied noun + adjective: world-famous, duty-free, homesick adj + noun: part-time, full-length, second-hand number + noun: two-door, seven-year, forty-mile

4. Emphatic Structures We can use emphatic structures to 'point out' or emphasize particular ideas. Cleft sentences are special constructions which are used to give emphasis to a particular part of the sentence, by putting this part of the sentence into a separate clause. Because there are two parts to the sentence it is called cleft (from the verb cleave) which means divided into two. Example: Bill broke the vase → It was Bill who/that broke the vase (It was Bill, not somebody else) → It was the vase that Bill broke (It was the vase, not something else) This structure is particularly useful in writing where we cannot use intonation for purposes of focus or emphasis, but it is also frequently used in speech. There are two common ways of doing this: A.- Sentences are introduced by: It is/It was... that... B.- Sentences introduced by: What... is/was... This structure can be used to emphasize the subject or object. In these sentences WHAT means THE THING(S) THAT...

5. The Internet Vocabulary Internet vocabulary is the very first computer basics that you should become familiar with. Vocabulary is the first phase to give you the knowledge to be able to communicate in English when you surf the net or look up any web pages that are only in English It is sometimes true that many of the ordinary mistakes made using computers have a lot to do with their Internet vocabulary and not following instructions, which sometimes are only in English. Some basic vocabulary: address bar, loop, @ (at), password, backup, public domain, bandwidth, RAM, ROM, browser, save, bookmark, secure server, check the box, shopping cart, digital signature, spam, dot com, store, download, toolbar, drop down list/menu, updated, FAQ, upload, firewall, user name, homepage, web page address, link, web site

6. An opinion essay is a formal piece of essay writing which presents the author's point of view on a particular subject supported by reasons and examples. The writer tries to convince the readers that his/her point of view is correct. A successful opinion essay should have: ♦ The introduction (a topic sentence) where the topic and the author's opinion are stated clearly. ♦ The main body where viewpoints supported by reasons are presented in several paragraphs. ♦ The conclusion where the main points of the essay are summarized and the author's opinion is restated in other words. It can offer a solution or recommendation. Writing an opinion essay