1. SUMMARY VS. ANALYSIS

2. FREE WRITE Looking ahead to the Writing Review, what specific components/skills of academic writing have you learned in this class? Think about specific examples. How has what you learned here made a difference in your other classes? If desired, take a picture when you’re done as notes for your final assignment before turning this in at the end of class.

3. Differences in Summary & Analysis Is it information that is needed for comprehension? Does it add to the purpose? Does it help illustrate how the audience is impacted? Are you simply following the order of events happening in the article?

4. MACNEIL USES EXPERT OPINIONS IN HIS WRITING TO HELP THE READER BELIEVE THE CREDIBILITY AND VALIDITY OF HIS CLAIMS, AND TO MAKE HIM SEEM WELL INFORMED BY USING AUTHORITY/EXPERTS TO INTENSIFY HIS CASE. IN EXAMPLE, MACNEIL REFERENCES JESSE SHEIDLOWER, THE AMERICAN EDITOR OF THE OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY. HE ASKS, “DOES [JESSE] BELIEVE THE LANGUAGE IS BEING MINED BY THE GREAT INFORMALITY OF AMERICAN LIFE” (MACNEIL 308) AND THEN FOLLOWS WITH SHEIDLOWER’S OPINION OF “NO, IT IS NOT BEING RUINED AT ALL…NOWADAYS…WE SEE THE LANGUAGE OF OTHER GROUPS, OF OTHER SOCIAL GROUPS, OF OTHER INCOME LEVELS, IN A WAY THAT WE NEVER USED TO” (MACNEIL 308). USING AN EXPERT OPINION IS VERY EFFECTIVE, ESPECIALLY WITH THE AUTHOR TRYING TO CONNECT WITH THE READER, BECAUSE IT SHOWS SOMEONE WHO WORKS WITH THE LANGUAGE, ESPECIALLY IN A DICTIONARY, HAS THE SAME OPINION AS THE AUTHOR, AND THAT SHOULD ADD CREDIBILITY TO HIS PURPOSE. THE MYTH AND FEAR OF HOMOGENIZATION IS NOTHING TO BE WORRIED ABOUT, AND THAT’S WHY HE ALSO MENTIONS AN EXPERT PRESCRIPTIVIST, SOMEONE WHO TENDS TO FOLLOW THE “RULES” OF HOW LANGUAGE SHOULD BE USED, LIKE JOHN SIMON IN HIS ARTICLE. MACNEIL MENTIONS SIMON AND REFERS TO HIM AS “ONE OF THE LEADING CURMUDGEONS OF OUR TIME…”(MACNEIL 307) AND THEN CONTINUES TO MENTION HOW SIMON IS IN OPPOSITION OF INDIVIDUALS LIKE SHEIDLOWER, AND HOW THE LANGUAGE NEEDS TO STOP EVOLVING AWAY FROM THE “RULES”. BY USE OF SIMON AS A REFERENCE IN MACNEIL’S PIECE, IT IS EFFECTIVE IN SUPPORTING MACNEIL’S VALIDITY BY USING AN EXPERT AS A REFERENCE, BY USING HIM TO SHOW THAT DIVERSITY IS AMONGST US DUE TO THE UPROAR IT HAS CAUSED FOR PRESCRIPTIVISTS LIKE SIMON HIMSELF. IT SHOWS THAT MACNEIL IS RIGHT ABOUT THE MYTH OF HOMOGENIZATION, AS WELL AS THE EVOLUTION OF LANGUAGE, BECAUSE SO MANY PEOPLE, LIKE SIMON, ARE UPSET ABOUT THE CHANGES. IT HELPS PROVE THAT CHANGE IS OCCURRING AND VALIDATES MACNEIL’S ARTICLE BY USING AN OPINION OTHER THAN HIS OWN, SHOWING THAT MORE INDIVIDUALS, INCLUDING EXPERTS, AGREE WITH HIM.

5. RESPONSE What is this paragraph doing right? What needs revised/removed/expanded? How can this analysis go deeper? Provide at least one model sentence you would add.

6. MCGRAY USES AN APPEAL TO AUTHORITY IN ORDER TO GIVE SOMEONE ELSE’S OPINION THAT AGREES WITH HIS OWN. HIS IS THAT WE ARE STRUGGLING AS A NATION, AND CHANGES NEED TO BE MADE IN ORDER FOR OUR STUDENTS TO BE PREPARED FOR LIFE, AND TO COMMUNICATE/WORK WITH PEOPLE BOTH IN AND OUT OF THE UNITED STATES. “ ‘OUR CHILDREN NEED LANGUAGES OTHER THAN SPANISH AND ENGLISH TO COMPETE GLOBALLY’ ” (MCGRAY 358). THIS QUOTE COMES FROM EUGENE ASTILLA, A HIGH SCHOOL TEACHER, WHICH IS MCGRAY’S APPEAL TO AUTHORITY. HE MAY NOT BE AN EXPERT TO MOST PEOPLE, BUT HE GETS TO WITNESS THE CORRUPTION OF THE SCHOOL SYSTEM FIRST HAND. HE SEES HOW THE STUDENTS ARE NOT GETTING THE EDUCATION THAT THEY NEED TO COMPETE WITH THE REST OF THE WORLD. HE SEES JUST HOW BAD IT IS GETTING, AND THAT WE NEED CHANGE. THIS STRENGTHENS MCCRAY’S ARGUMENT BECAUSE TEACHERS ACROSS THE NATION CAN ASSIMILATE WITH THIS MESSAGE. MCGRAY AGREES WITH ASTILLA BY SAYING “AND YET, FOR ALL THE ANXIETY THAT SCIENCE AND MATH EDUCATION INSPIRES, THE STATE OF GLOBAL LANGUAGES, POLITICS, HISTORY AND CULTURE IN U.S. SCHOOLS MAY ACTUALLY BE SCARIER” (353). THIS QUOTE PROVES TO THE AUDIENCE THAT WE ARE STRUGGLING, AND THAT THEY NEED TO FOCUS ON CHANGING THE WAY OF LEARNING TO A MORE WORLD-WIDE POINT OF VIEW.

7. RESPONSE What is this paragraph doing right? What needs revised/removed/expanded? How can this analysis go deeper? Provide at least one model sentence you would add.

8. MCGRAY USES AN APPEAL TO AUTHORITY IN ORDER TO GIVE SOMEONE ELSE’S OPINION THAT AGREES WITH HIS OWN. HIS IS THAT WE ARE STRUGGLING AS A NATION, AND CHANGES NEED TO BE MADE IN ORDER FOR OUR STUDENTS TO BE PREPARED FOR LIFE, AND TO COMMUNICATE/WORK WITH PEOPLE BOTH IN AND OUT OF THE UNITED STATES. “ ‘OUR CHILDREN NEED LANGUAGES OTHER THAN SPANISH AND ENGLISH TO COMPETE GLOBALLY’ ” (MCGRAY 358). THIS QUOTE COMES FROM EUGENE ASTILLA, A HIGH SCHOOL TEACHER, WHICH IS MCGRAY’S APPEAL TO AUTHORITY. HE MAY NOT BE AN EXPERT TO MOST PEOPLE, BUT HE GETS TO WITNESS THE CORRUPTION OF THE SCHOOL SYSTEM FIRST HAND. HE SEES HOW THE STUDENTS ARE NOT GETTING THE EDUCATION THAT THEY NEED TO COMPETE WITH THE REST OF THE WORLD. HE SEES JUST HOW BAD IT IS GETTING, AND THAT WE NEED CHANGE. THIS STRENGTHENS MCCRAY’S ARGUMENT BECAUSE TEACHERS ACROSS THE NATION CAN ASSIMILATE WITH THIS MESSAGE. MCGRAY AGREES WITH ASTILLA BY SAYING “AND YET, FOR ALL THE ANXIETY THAT SCIENCE AND MATH EDUCATION INSPIRES, THE STATE OF GLOBAL LANGUAGES, POLITICS, HISTORY AND CULTURE IN U.S. SCHOOLS MAY ACTUALLY BE SCARIER” (353). THIS QUOTE PROVES TO THE AUDIENCE THAT WE ARE STRUGGLING, AND THAT THEY NEED TO FOCUS ON CHANGING THE WAY OF LEARNING TO A MORE WORLD-WIDE POINT OF VIEW.

10. Activity In pairs, review your body paragraphs, looking closely for places where there might be summarizing instead of analyzing. Add commentary like in your peer critiques and write possible revisions and extensions to the analysis.

11. Announcements BA 9s due - 11/21 Draft 1.2 tutoring sessions – 11/18 & 11/19 (6-8 PM, rm 352) Next week: Bring copy of conclusion with comments; Optional assignment due; Course evaluations; Opportunity for shortened final class