1. Micro Unit Test Study Guide

2. 1. What are the 3 parts of the cell theory? All living things are made of cells Cells are basic structure and function of living cells Living cells come from only other living cells

3. 2. What is the difference between a eukaryote and prokaryote? Eukaryote –HAS nucleus Ex: fungi Prokaryote –HAS NO nucleus Ex: Coli

4. 3. How do unicellular and Multicellular differ? Unicellular - 1 cell Multicellular - more than 1 cell

5. 4. List 3 things that are made of cells. 1.Animals 2.Plant 3.Human

6. 5. List 3 things NOT made of cells. 1.Book 2.Desk 3.Binder

7. 6.Explain the cell structures in italicized. cell membrane- Surrounds the cell E.R.- Transportation for protein Ribosome- On E.R, where protein is made Golgi Body- Receives and packages protein Lysosome- Digestive plant for cell

8. 6.Explain the cell structures in italicized. (cont.) Mitochondria- Releases Energy for cell use Cell wall- surrounds the plant cell membrane Vacuole- stores food and water for cell Cytoplasm- jelly-like substance that holds organelle Nucleus- control center of the cell Chloroplast- makes energy from the sun to make food for the plant cell only

9. 7. Compare and Contrast plant and animal cells.

10. 8. Explain how the scientists in red contributed to the cell theory. Hooke- discovered “room like” structures called cells Schwann- discovered animals were made up of cells Schleiden- discovered plant cells Leeuwenhoek- discovered bacteria

11. 9. What are the levels of cellular organization? 1.Cells 2.Tissues 3.Organs 4.Organ System 5.Organism

12. 10. Explain how things move in and out of a cell through the writing in red. Diffusion- move from an area with high concentration to low concentration Osmosis- diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane Active transport- low/high energy Passive transport- high/low energy

13. 11. Explain the difference between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Photosynthesis- the process by which a cell captures the energy from sun light and uses it to make food Cellular Respiration- the process by which cells obtain energy from glucose

14. 12.Briefly explain all the parts of cell division. 6 phases all have to deal with Chromosomes –Copied (interphase) –Cell begins to divide (prophase) –Pairs attach to spindle fibers (metaphase) –Pairs move to opposite ends of cells (anaphase) –2 nuclei form (telophase) –Membrane moves inward to create daughter cells (Cytokensis)

15. 13. What is Cancer Cancer is when mutated cells multiply and divide uncontrollably.

16. 14. What is the difference between heterotroph and autotroph Heterotroph- eat other organisms Autotroph- Make their own food

17. 15. Paramecium, amoeba, euglena and volvox. Uni or Multicellular How do they move and obtain energy How are they shaped Auto or Heterotroph ParameciumUnicellular?Can not change shape Heterotroph AmoebaUnicellularStretch its cytoplasm All have different shape heterotroph EuglenaUnicellularUse flagellumScrunched up and flexed out Auto and Heterotroph Volvox

18. 16. How are bacteria helpful and harmful to humans? Helpful because… -Decomposers and help break down materials. -Help digest food -Used to make cheese, sour cream and yogurt Harmful because… -Blue-Green bacteria can take over a pond, kill other forms of life -Food Spoil -Sore Thought

19. 17. Compare size, shape and structure of viruses and bacteria SizeShapeStructure BacteriaLight microscopeBacilli, Cocci, Spirilla Flagella, capsule, cell wall, genetic material, cytoplasm, membrane VirusElectron microscope Bullet, Brick, Rod, Round, Robot, Thread Protein Coat, Genetic Material

20. 18. What is the flu? How is it contracted? Flu- respiratory infection caused by a virus How is it contracted?- Through the air

21. 19. Explain Contagious Disease and give examples Contagious Disease- A Disease or sickness anyone can get. Examples- Scarlet Fever, Chicken Pox, Common Cold

22. 20. What is a vector? Give (1) example. Vector- vector is an organism that does not cause disease itself but which spreads infection by conveying pathogens from one host to another. Example- Mosquito

23. 21. What is a vaccine and how does it work? Vaccine- prepares the body to get ready to fight off any disease Work- inject vaccine and antibodies produce to help protect you

24. 22. What is an antibiotic and how does it work? Antibiotic- drugs used to treat infections caused by bacteria Work- A bactericidal antibiotic kills the bacteria and A bacteriostatic stops bacteria from multiplying Information from: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/10278.php

25. 23. List factors that can increase the spread of disease. Not washing hands Sneezing on someone else Coughing on someone else

26. 24. What does antibiotic resistance mean? Organisms can survive through the antibiotic medication

27. 25. Why do people use antimicrobial solutions? In which situations are they best suited? Why- to kill the germs Best Suited- Sick, have bugs in your house

28. 26. What is crop yield? How can a farmer increase their crop yield? Crop yield- the number of crops that were harvested in a season Increased- adding organic things to their soil

29. 27. What is a bioengineer? Engineers that attempt to either mimic biological systems to create products or modify and control biological systems so that they can replace or sustain chemical and mechanical process

30. 28. Which college courses would help a student become a bioengineer? Biology Chemistry Engineering Mechanics

31. 29. What does bioengineering mean? Create usable, tangible, economically viable products using biological concepts.

32. 30. What is biotechnology? It is the use of living organisms by humans.

33. 31. In which fields of work is biotechnology used? Agriculture, Biology, Genetics, and Medicine