1. Respiratory System Michael Hall PhD University of California Los Angeles University of California Los Angeles

2. Respiratory System Conducting and respiratory divisions Respiratory System Conducting and respiratory divisions

3. Nasal cavity Nasopharynx Oropharynx Larynx Trachea Lung Structures of the Respiratory System Structures of the Respiratory System Br Tb/Rb AD A A B B Diaphragm

4. Respiratory Epithelium Respiratory Epithelium

5. Respiratory Epithelium Respiratory Epithelium lymphatic duct

6. Respiratory Epithelium

7. Nasal cavity and associated structures Superior Middle Inferior Turbinate Bones (conchae) Opening of eustachian tube Opening of eustachian tube Nasal fossa Vestibule

8. Venous sinuses of nasal concha venous sinuses respiratory epithelium glands and ducts

9. Paranasal Sinuses and Nasal cavity Paranasal Sinuses and Nasal cavity

10. Location of olfactory epithelium on upper nasal concha Location of olfactory epithelium on upper nasal concha Olfactory epithelium

12. Olfactory Epithelium Bowmans glands DuctDuct

13. Respiratory epithelium Olfactory epithelium

14. Signals from olfactory neurons in the nose and from taste receptors on the tongue converge onto the same area of the brain. Signals from olfactory neurons in the nose and from taste receptors on the tongue converge onto the same area of the brain.

15. Nasal cavity Nasopharynx Oropharynx Larynx Trachea Lung and Larynx Br Tb/Rb AD A A B B Diaphragm The Pharynx

16. Larynx

17. Epiglottis EpiglottisEpiglottis

19. Larynx in X-section False vocal cords True vocal cords Vocal ligament and vocalis muscle

20. Vocal Cord

21. Vocal cords

22. Nasal cavity Nasopharynx Oropharynx Larynx Trachea Lung The Trachea Br Tb/Rb AD A A B B Diaphragm

23. Trachea and Esophagus

24. Trachea Respiratory epithelium Hyaline cartilage Trachealis muscle Glands

26. Respiratory System Conducting and respiratory divisions Respiratory System Conducting and respiratory divisions

27. Medium sized bronchus V A Br Cartilage SM Gl Br.

28. 3 2 1 bronchiole br’iole Br C 1.Bronchiole with no cartilage or glands, but lots of smooth muscle 2. Bronchus leading into bronchiole which divides into two respiratory bronchioles 3. Alveolar duct leading into alveolar sacs, which contain clusters of alveoli 1.Bronchiole with no cartilage or glands, but lots of smooth muscle 2. Bronchus leading into bronchiole which divides into two respiratory bronchioles 3. Alveolar duct leading into alveolar sacs, which contain clusters of alveoli SM Rb AD AS The respiratory portion of the lung The respiratory portion of the lung

29. Alveolar duct Alveoli Blood vessel Alveolar sac

30. Alveolar Sac

31. Continuum of changes in respiratory epithelium Continuum of changes in respiratory epithelium No goblet cells No glands No cartilage Appearance of Clara cells Type I & type II cells line alveoli Macrophages

32. 1 2 34 1.Wall of terminal bronchiole 2.Respiratory bronchiole 3.Respiratory bronchiole 4.Alveoli Cap A A A A CC

33. M Capillaries in the Interalveolar septum

35. capillary AlveolusTissues CO 2 uptake and release by erythrocytes CO 2 uptake and release by erythrocytes O2O2

36. Type II cell

37. Structure and function of Type II cell

38. The alveoli are rich in macrophages. Under certain conditions they can fuse to form giant phagocytic cells. The alveoli are rich in macrophages. Under certain conditions they can fuse to form giant phagocytic cells. macrophages

40. Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein ‘Functional’ blood Supply to lungs ‘Functional’ blood Supply to lungs Alveolar capillary network

42. Pleura of Lungs

44. UC MC NS

45. Nasal cavity Nasopharynx Oropharynx Larynx Trachea Lung Structures of the Respiratory System Structures of the Respiratory System Br Tb/Rb AD A A B B Diaphragm This simplified diagram shows all of the components of the respiratory system, from the nasal cavity, where air enters the system, to the alveoli, where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged. B = Bronchus Br = Bronchiole Tb/Rb = Terminal bronchiole/Respiratory bronchiole (these are not distinguished in this diagram) AD = Alveolar duct A = Alveolus