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South Asia Vocabulary
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Subcontinent
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Separate region of a continent. India is a subcontinent of Asia.
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Subsistence Farmers
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Farmers that grow only enough food for their families, but nothing to sell to anyone else. People that live high in the Himalaya mountains in isolated villages are often subsistence farmers who grow food for their basic needs.
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Monsoon
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Seasonal winds that bring intense rainfall during part of the year. Monsoons are an important feature of South Asia’s climate.
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Arable
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Fertile land; suitable for farming. South Asia’s arable land is very important because it feeds nearly 1.5 billion people.
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Famine
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A long period of food shortage. Despite vast farmland, India have often suffered from terrible famines.
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Sustainable Farming
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Use new technologies and methods that can be continued without long term damage to the environment. Using natural fertilizers and crop rotation help sustain fields and protect the environment.
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Conservation
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Protection of the environment. In South Asia this includes protecting the tigers in India and Bangladesh and preserving the marine ecosystems in the Maldives.
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Ecosystem
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A group of interacting organisms and their natural environment.
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Aquifer
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A layer of rock beneath Earth’s surface that contains water
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Cultural Hearths
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Cultural Hearth Center of civilization from which ideas and technology spread
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Caste System
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A social structure in India composed of four main levels, which was started by the Aryans.
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Reincarnation
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The birth of the soul into another physical life
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Karma
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In Hinduism, the negative or positive effect one received as a result of his or her actions
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Infrastructure
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The basic systems of a society such as roads, bridges, sewers, and electricity.
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Outsourcing
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The shifting of jobs to workers outside of a company, often to a foreign country
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Mircolending
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The practice of making small loans to people starting their own businesses.
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Modernization
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Policies and actions designed to bring a country up to date in technology and other areas.
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Push/Pull Factors
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Reasons why people migrate; “push” factors cause them to leave; “pull” factors make them come to a place.
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Military Dictatorship
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A form of government in which the army runs the government.
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Cyclones
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A storm with rotating winds, called a typhoon in the Eastern Hemisphere; a hurricane in other parts of the world.
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