1. The Mongols and World History The Formation and Dissolution of Nomadic Empires

2. Age of Cross-Cultural Interaction (1000 – 1500 CE) Nomadic Empires Sub-Saharan Africa Western Europe in the High Middle Ages The Americas and Oceania Cross-Cultural Interactions c.1500

3. Formation of Nomadic Empire ▫Features of nomadic life ▫Chinggis Khan (1206-1227) ▫Maintenance and division of Mongolian Empire(s) Marco Polo and Kublai Khan ▫Route and Experiences ▫Influence on western conceptions of “the east”

4. Key Points The Mongolian rise to power depended on a confluence of political, economic, and regional factors The united Mongolian empire under Chinggis Khan fragmented on his death into 4 successor states Marco Polo’s journeys demonstrate growing (commercial and cultural) interaction by 1300

5. I. Formation of Nomadic Empires

7. Temujin / Chinggis Khan (c.1160 – 1227)

9. “Mongol” – award-winning film by Sergei Bodrove (subtitled) Mongol (2007: Chinggis' wife stolen) Mongol (2007-brothers divided) Mongol (2007- Mongols united)) Mongol (2007: Chinggis' wife stolen) Mongol (2007-brothers divided) Mongol (2007- Mongols united))

10. Mongolian military: cavalry, archery, gunpowder, siege equipment, support systems

11. Chinggis Khan establishes Mongolian script and law code

12. Heaven has appointed me to rule all the nations, for hitherto there has been no order upon the steppes. --Genghis Khan

13. Key factors that led c.125,000 warriors to build the largest land empire in history Military prowess Adaptation of local societies/talents Timing: fragmentation of postclassical states

14. Area controlled by Chinggis Khan (1227)

15. The Mongolian Empires: Yuan, Chagatai, Il-Khanate, Golden Horde

16. Mongolian Empires at greatest extent (c.1294)

17. Mongolian Empire, 1204

18. Mongolian Empire, 1218

19. Mongolian Empire, 1227

20. Mongolian Empire, 1246

21. Mongolian Empires, 1286

22. II. Marco Polo (1254 – 1324)

23. Venice and Trade c.1000 - 1500

25. Kublai Khan (1215 – 1294)

26. Marco Polo’s travels (c.1271 – 1295)

27. The Travels of Marco Polo

28. Marco Polo’s travels (c.1271 – 1295)

29. Contrasting Responses to Contact: West (European/Asian) and East Asian