1. DNA and Coding

2. Instructions for the parts of living things DNA http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Why the instructions for you are stored as hydrogen interactions between ringy things

3. Why care about DNA? DNA http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg

4. DNA It’s in all living things Interface between chemistry and ‘life’ Easily understood molecule doesn’t ‘do’ anything Structure is based on H-bonding Structure IS function

5. DNA So what does it mean to be “living”

6. Things to do today: Make leap from Chemistry to Biology: how can you get ‘you’ from C, H, O, N and P (finish next week) Describe HOW/WHY A goes with T and G with C (and ‘not’ G with T) Mutations happen ALL THE TIME! Begin investigation into genetic diseases

7. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Party hats on- we’re going to some line dancing Starting point: a dbl-strand of DNA, each base facing partner with his/her ‘right hand’ on neighbor’s shoulder Each strand ‘count off’ from their L to R, how do the two directions compare? Separate strands; who partners with whom? What external info do we need to re-create the missing strand? Restart; ‘Mask’ one with a purple hat; it’s undergone chemical change… replicate &…? Gua = Green Cyt = Red Ade = Blue Thy = Yellow GGGTT

8. DNA http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Why do atoms make bonds?

9. DNA http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Why do atoms make bonds? What types of ‘bonds’ are there?

10. DNA http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Why do atoms make bonds? What types of ‘bonds’ are there? Not all atoms play fair

12. DNA http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Hydrogen bond/interaction

13. DNA http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Hydrogen bond/interaction When H bonds with ‘O’ or ‘N’

14. DNA http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Hydrogen bond/interaction When H bonds with ‘O’ or ‘N’ Based on electronegativity

15. DNA http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Hydrogen bond/interaction When H bonds with ‘O’ or ‘N’ Based on electronegativity Why not Carbon-Hydrogen?

17. DNA http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Hydrogen bond/interaction When H bonds with ‘O’ or ‘N’ H-Bond Donors

18. DNA http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Hydrogen bond/interaction When H bonds with ‘O’ or ‘N’ H-Bond Donors Positive charge (Hydrogen)

19. DNA http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Hydrogen bond/interaction When H bonds with ‘O’ or ‘N’ H-Bond Donors Positive charge (Hydrogen) H-Bond Acceptors

20. DNA http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Hydrogen bond/interaction When H bonds with ‘O’ or ‘N’ H-Bond Donors Positive charge (Hydrogen) H-Bond Acceptors Negative charge (O, N)

21. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Basil Oregano Salt Garlic

22. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Basil Oregano Salt Garlic

23. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Basil Oregano Salt Garlic

24. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine

25. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Things you already ‘know’ Pyrimidine (singe ring), Purine (double) –PUR A s G old –Big base = little name

26. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Take a look at the models Each group gets GC or AT pair. Investigate. Superimposability of GC, CG, AT, TA pairs High crimes and misdemeanors

27. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Anatomy of a basepair Ornaments -NH2 =O -H -OH =NH

28. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Make your own GC or AT Hydrogen bonds form between G-C pairs and A-T pairs. GuanineCytosine ThymineAdenine Sugar-phosphate backbone Hydrogen bonds DNA contains thymine, whereas RNA contains uracil 55 55 33 33 Freeman, Biological Science, 4.6b

29. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Rubric is available via web page BasePairer

30. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Go to the ‘Lab03_DNA’ folder Launch ‘BasePairer’ DON’T log in, that’s for homework Basepairer

31. Bad things happen to Good Bases Tautomers

32. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Genetic Disease Spans the next month – SYMPTOMS AND DISTRIBUTION – DNA mutation, amino acid change – Probable influence on protein structure – Then you’ll share your findings with the class Lets you apply your learning and thinking to an actual disease

33. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Genetic Disease Write your names on the paper I hand out; return it at end of class or zero credit Make note or your group name and disease in your lab notebook What is most important is that you think well and integrate what you are learning; being ‘right’ is secondary

34. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Genetic Diseases Due Today!!! Part 1 of assignment Rubric on the Instructors Page Turned in to me with all group members’ names on it.

35. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Genetic Diseases An example: hemoglobin/sickle cell anemia – Sufferers: one in 12 African Americans has the TRAIT; overall, 1/5000 Americans suffer – Common in areas with malaria – symptoms: shortened lifespan (48-52), see next slide

36. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg Genetic Diseases

37. http://jennifersaylor.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/dna.jpg A few thoughts “Google” is a great search engine –Use quotes if needed –Advanced search –‘scholar’ Wikipedia –User contributions Anybody can have a web page

38. Homework Examining DNA/Intro Translation Assessor Transcribe & Translate (Vocab) Basepairer as individual/pair Quiz next week next week’s lab AND previous labs

39. Your genome 1.Get a cup of saltwater solution; swish vigorously in mouth for 30 seconds. {other protocols suggest gently chewing your cheeks as well}. This will remove dead cells lining the mouth and provide students with a source of their own DNA. 2.Spit back into cup; then pour it into a large test tube containing 5ml of detergent solution. 3.Cap the test tube {let's try with parafilm; it MAY dissolve in detergent} and gently rock it on its side for 2-3 minutes. 4.Uncap the tube and then slightly tilt it and carefully pour 5ml chilled ethanol down the inside of the tube so that it forms a layer on the top. 5.Allow the tube to stand for one minute. Use a thin wood or glass rod to slowly move some of the ethanol into the soap layer. Spool the DNA strands around it. If too much shearing has occurred, the DNA fragments may be too short to wind up, and they may form clumps instead.