1. U2 S2 L2 Kw and pH P 567- 574 Homework: p 569 # 16 – 19 p 572 # 20 – 25 p 574 # 26 – 29 (answers p 581) p 578 # 3 - 8

2. Upon completion of this lesson, you should be able to: define pH and pOH in terms of the base 10 logarithms of hydronium and hydroxide ion concentrations respectively define the relationship between [H 3 O + ], [OH-], pH, and pOH, and convert between any two calculate any of [H 3 O + ], [OH-], pH, or pOH given either the concentration of a strong monoprotic acid or the dissolved mass and volume of a solid ionic hydroxide. perform dilution calculations involving changes in the volume of a solution and two of [H 3 O + ], [OH - ], pH, and pOH.

3. The pH scale: Measuring by powers of 10 Acid concentrations can range in size from 10 mol/L down to as small as 10 -15 mol/L (very inconvenient numbers!) To deal with this we use the pH scale which expresses acid concentration as a base 10 number (powers of 10) What is the pH of a soft drink that has a hydronium ion concentration of 4.5 x 10 -4 mol/L.

4. Calculate the pH of each solution. a. 0.497 mol/L HNO 3(aq) b. 1.3 x 10 -2 mol/L HBr (aq) c. 0.135 mol/L HClO 4(aq) d. 1.6 mol/L HI (aq)

5. 1.A vinegar sample with a pH measured at 2.89 calculate the hydronium ion concentration 2.What is the hydronium ion concentration of a sample of blood with pH 7.4.

6. pH scale Gastric juice pH 1.5 Lemon Juice pH 2.6 Soft drinks pH 3.0 Blood pH 7.4 Detergents pH 10

7. Comparison of [H 3 O + ] with [OH - ]

8. The pH scale is a log scale. –For each decrease of one pH unit, the acidity of a solution increases by a factor of ten. 10 0 = 1 10 1 = 10 10 2 = 100 10 3 = 1000

9. pOH

10. Calculate the pOH of each solution. a.0.700 mol/L KOH (aq) b.0.0300 mol/L LiOH (aq) c.2.5 x 10 –3 mol/L Ba(OH) 2(aq) d.0.400 mol/L Sr(OH) 2(aq)

11. A properly calibrated pH meter shows a reading of 9.88 for cleaning solution at 25.0°C. Calculate pOH, [H 3 O + ], and [OH - ].

12. A window cleaning solution has a hydroxide ion concentration of 7.9 x 10 -4 mol/L. Calculate the pH of the solution

13. Dilution Calculate the pH of a solution formed by the dilution of 25.0 mL of a 1.00 mol/L barium hydroxide to a final volume of 150.0 mL.

14. 1.Calculate the pH of a HCN solution whose pOH is 11.82. 2.Calculate the pOH of a HF solution whose pH is 2.36. 3.Calculate the pOH of a HI solution whose hydronium ion concentration is 0.047 mol/L. 4.Calculate the pOH of a strontium hydroxide solution whose hydronium ion concentration is 6.91 x 10 -13 mol/L. 5.Calculate the pH of a solution made by dissolving 4.00 g of sodium hydroxide in 100.0 mL of water. 6.Calculate the volume of concentrated hydrochloric acid (12.4 mol/L) required to prepare 500.0 mL of a solution that has a pH of 1.50. 7.Calculate the pOH of a solution formed by diluting 20.0 mL of a sodium hydroxide solution that has a pOH of 1.00 to a final volume of 2.50 L. 8.A 25.00 mL sample of bog water has a pH of 3.58. Calculate the volume of this solution when it is diluted to a pH of 5.02. 9.Calculate the volume to which 25.0 mL of 12.4 mol/L HCl be diluted in order to prepare a solution that has a pH of 3.00?